Chapter 26, Problem 18E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To identify the functional group present in the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH(OH)CH}}_{\text{3}}$.

Concept introduction:

Functional groups are the groups that give characteristic properties to a substance with which they are attached.

Analcoholic group contains an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom with a single bond. An alcohol group present at the terminal of a carbon chain is known as a primary alcohol.

An alcohol group present between the carbon chain is known as a secondary alcohol.

An alcohol group surrounded by three methyl groups is known as a tertiary alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To determine the functional group present in the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{C(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_2{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{COOH}$.

Concept introduction:

Functional groups are the groups that give characteristic properties to a substance with which they are attached.

A $\text{COOH}$ functional group is a carboxylic acid group. And, in this functional group there is one oxygen atom attached to the carbon atom with a double bond whereas another carbon atom is attached to the same carbon atom with a single bond.

Further, hydrogen atom is attached to the oxygen atom which is single bonded to the carbon atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To determine the functional group present in the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)COOCH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}$.

Concept introduction:

Functional groups are the groups that give characteristic properties to a substance with which they are attached.

A $\text{O-C=O}$ functional group is a carboxylate group which is also known as ester group. In this functional group, one oxygen atom is attached to the carbon atom with a double bond whereas another oxygen atom is attached to the carbon atom with a single bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To determine the functional group present in the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{C(CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}{\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$.

Concept introduction:

Functional groups are the groups that give characteristic properties to a substance with which they are attached.

An ${\text{NH}}_{\text{2}}$ functional group is known as amine group. This functional group consists of one nitrogen atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms.

Both the hydrogen atoms are bonded by a single bond with the nitrogen atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To determine the functional group present in the compound ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{CHO}$.

Concept introduction:

Functional groups are the groups that give characteristic properties to a substance with which they are attached.

A $\text{CHO}$ functional group is known as an aldehyde group. In this functional group there is oxygen atom attached through a double bond with the carbon atom. Whereas hydrogen atom is attached with the carbon atom through a single bond.