Biological Science (6th Edition)
Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The monophyletic group is a term used in cladistics to categorize the organisms. This is comprised of all the descendants of a single ancestor.

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The universal phylogenetic tree of life shows the divergence of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Studies of Lokiarchaeota help to elucidate these relationships, but the first universal tree of life was constructed by Carl Woese using ribosomal RNA sequences. There are advantages to using different types of nucleic acid for different types of analyses. What is a specific advantage of using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis compared with DNA sequences? ▸ View Available Hint(s) SSU rRNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than protein-encoding DNA. SSU rRNA is frequently transferred through horizontal gene transfer, whereas DNA sequences are not. Primers are required in DNA sequence analysis, but not for SSU rRNA sequence analysis. Although PCR products can be visualized with SSU rRNA, this is not the case with other forms of nucleic acids. DNA sequences are too highly conserved to work well for sequence analysis; individual species are…
Give explanation  Which of the following statements is TRUE based on the phylogenetic tree shown?   a) Bacteria and archaea are equally related to to eukarya b) Plants and ciliates are more closely related than plants and animals c) Green sulfur bacterial are more closely related to archaea than the Thermotogales d) Methanosarcina and Haloarchaea are equally related to Methanococcus e) Flavobacteria are the last common ancestor between bacteria and eukarya
Isoprene serves as a building block not only for the hydrocarbons observed in archaeal membranes but also for sterols, carotenoids, retinal, and quinones. Use any resources necessary to identify the function of these other isoprene-based molecules and to determine their distribution in nature. What does the use of isoprene to make this diverse array of molecules suggest about the nature of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA)?
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