Modified Mastering Biology With Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780135276556
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 26, Problem 10TYPSS
PROCESS OF SCIENCE Suppose that you’ve been hired by a firm interested in using bacteria to clean up organic solvents found in toxic waste dumps. Your new employer is particularly interested in finding cells that are capable of breaking a molecule called benzene into less toxic compounds. Where would you go to look for bacteria that can
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You perform an experiment, in which you inoculate bacteria into a medium that contains glucose and lactose (a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and
galactose) as a sole source of carbon and energy, then monitor the number of cells and which sugar is being metabolized over time, with the results shown in this figure. All of the
following are correct observations about the results EXCEPT:
(a) Bacteria growing on
glucose as the sole carbon
source grow faster than on
lactose.
Log10 of number of cells-
Time
All glucose
consumed
Glucose
used
Glucose
Time
©2019 Pearson Education Inc
Lag
time
Lactose
Lactose used
(b) Bacteria growing in a
medium containing glucose
and lactose first consume
the glucose and then, after a
short lag time, the lactose.
During the lag time, intra-
cellular CAMP increases, the
lac operon is transcribed,
lactose is transported into
the cell, and B-galacto-
sidase is synthesized to
break down lactose.
The number of cells increased more rapidly when…
Suppose you have a bacterium, which is normally killed in an hour when growing in a medium containing penicillin. This bacterium is an auxotroph and requires tryptophan for growth. When placed in a medium lacking both tryptophan and penicillin, the bacterium neither grows nor dies for several hours.
Question: Is it killed in an hour in a medium lacking tryptophan but containing penicillin? (Yes/No and explain briefly why).
Look at the following diagrams and predict in which directionosmosis will take place. Use arrows to show the net direction ofosmosis. Is one of these microbes a halophile? Which one?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Modified Mastering Biology With Pearson Etext -- Standalone Access Card -- For Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 26 - 1. What do some photosynthetic bacteria use as a...Ch. 26 - What are organisms called that use inorganic...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 26 - 5. What has metagenomic analysis allowed...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 26 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Streptococcus mutans obtains...Ch. 26 - PROCESS OF SCIENCE Suppose that you’ve been hired...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11PIAT
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- The diagram shows the growth curve of Escherichia coli in a suspension culture containing glucose and lactose. Optical density is used to measure the concentration of bacteria in the suspension culture. Use the image to answer the question. Which statement BEST supports the information in the graph? A. E. coli metabolizes lactose and glucose. B. E. coli metabolizes glucose first, then lactose. C. E. coli metabolizes lactose first, then glucose. D. E. coli metabolizes lactose and glucose at the same time.arrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.arrow_forwardAt one time, it was thought that living things could be found only where a moderate range of abiotic factors (such as temperature & pH) existed. Since the discovery of extremophiles, micro-organisms that thrive in extreme environments, our understanding of where life can exist has changed. Some extremophiles live in hot, acidic sulfur springs and some even live near the openings of deep ocean hydrothermal vents.Based on our current knowledge of extremophiles that exist on planet Earth, what does the existence of life in such extreme environments say about the possibility of life on other planetsarrow_forward
- Lysine decarboxylase media is yellow after incubating an organism in it at 37 degrees for 24 hours. Which of the following can be interpreted from this result? A. The organism did not grow so lysine decarboxylase activity could not be determined. B. The organism is negative for lysine decarboxylase. C. The media is too acidic to determine lysine decarboxylase activity. D. The organism is positive for lysine decarboxylasearrow_forwardYou record the following results of a nitrate reductase broth that was inoculated with an unknown bacteria species and incubated for 48 hours. Step 1: Look for a gas bubble. There is a gas bubble. (You know that your unknown bacteria can ferment glucose. You are not sure if the gas is nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas, so you go onto step 2). Step 2: Add reagent A and B. There is no color change. Step 3: Add zinc. The broth turns red. What is your interpretation of this unknown bacteria? What type of gas is probably the product of this reaction and is in the Durham tube?arrow_forwardIn the diagrams above, an Electron Transport Chain (ETC) was depicted. ETCS contribute to the synthesis of ATP because the enzymes in the ETC Pump hydrogen ions to the outside of the cell to form a Proton Motive Force that powers ATP Synthase. Allow the recycling of electrons so that they can be recharged and placed onto ATP. O trip electrons off of an electron donor and place them onto ADP to form ATP. O Ctalyze substrate level phosphorylation. Lower the activation energy of ATP synthase, making it more energetically feasible to power the addition of a third phosphate group onto ADP to form ATP.arrow_forward
- A certain medium has the following composition: Glucose 15 g Yeast extract 5 g Peptone 5 g KH2PO4 2 g Distilled water 1,000 ml Tell what chemical category this medium belongs to, and explain why this is true. How could you convert Staphylococcus medium (table above) into a non-synthetic medium? a. What kind of medium might you make to selectively grow a bacterium that lives in the ocean? One that lives in the human stomach? Why are intestinal bacteria able to grow on media containing bile?arrow_forwardIn a population of cyanobacteria (Chlorogloeopsis fritschii) in a hot spring in Iceland, some of the bacteria can produce chlorophyll f, while some C. fritschii produce only other types of chlorophylls. Chlorophyll f absorbs light outside of the visible light spectrum, namely near infrared light, allowing the bacteria to absorb light that has not been absorbed or reflected by the water or other organisms. The ability to produce chlorophyll f is heritable, and the bacteria with chlorophyll f can live in low-light environments, such as underneath other organisms, or near the bottom of the light-penetrating zone of the spring. What is the adaptation in this population of C. fritschii living in low-light environments? (Choose one.) a) the ability to produce chlorophyll f b) the ability to produce any type of chlorophyll c) the ability to tolerate the high temperatures of the hot spring d) the ability to survive and reproducearrow_forwardYou inoculate two test tubes with the same amount of identical growth medium and with the same number of identical yeast cells and grow these cells under identical conditions except for the presence or absence of oxygen. a) After 12 hours, all of the glucose in each culture has been consumed. You determine the number of total cells found in each culture and find that one culture has more cells than the other. Which culture would have the greater cell density, the one grown aerobically or the one grown anaerobically? Explain why the culture you chose above can make more cells with the same amount of glucose than the other culture.arrow_forward
- Can xylane powder from beechwood be dissolved in M9 media? I'm evaluating the production of hydrogen with E. coli (it has a construction that alows this strain to depolimerize xylane into xylose monomers by an endoxylanase), but i have a limited amount of this xylane, and i read TB, AM1 & M9 mediums were used, but they don't say if they just poured the xylan powder into the media solution, i also read they autoclaved it with a soft acid solution and then neutralized it with a basic soluction, but this is an acid hydrolyzate (AH) plus enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). It ´s certain that using both would enhance available xylose concentration, but i want to evaluate EH by itself, and i still can't find if it is just added as powder to the media. Would it dissolve? do i have to add some kind of buffer to the media?.arrow_forwardSuppose you wish to test a species of bacteria to see if it will grow under anaerobic conditions. You know that this species grows best at high temperatures and acidic pH. It does not grow well at low temperatures and alkaline pH. Describe your experimental setup.arrow_forward1a)What is the purpose of adding 10mM of Tris-HCL (pH 7.5) during the extraction process? Oa. It breaks down the cell membrane to release the DNA. Ob. It ensures that the DNA that is released from the cell is turned into single stranded format. Oc. It neutralizes the the lysis reaction. Od. It denatures the proteins that were released from the cell.1b) What is the purpose of the Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) in the DNA extraction protocol? O a. The swab containing cheek cells is swirled around in this buffer to collect the cells. O b. It is used to breakdown the cell membrane to release the DNA. O c. It is used to denature proteins that were released from the cell. Od. It is used as the main buffer in the PCR reaction.arrow_forward
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