Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 25.5, Problem 26ELO
Understand the purpose of using combination therapy to treat HIV infection.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions
SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution, report your regression lines and axes names (with units if appropriate) :Calculate a-q
a) B1,
b) B2,
c) hybrid rate constant (1)
d) hybrid rate constant (2)
e) t1/2,dist
f) t1/2,elim
g) k10
h) k12
i) k21
j) initial concentration (C0)
k) central compartment volume (V1)
l) steady-state volume (Vss)
m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule
n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule
o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞)
p) total AUC (using short cut method)
q) volume from AUC (VAUC)
Glitazones reduce insulin resistance by binding to a transcription factor in adipocytes, thereby reducing thesecretion of fatty acids. Glitazones are taken orally (in pill form). Using pharmacokinetic modeling, deriveequations to describe how the concentration of glitazones varies in the plasma as a function of time. Yourequations should be of the form: dCglitazone /dt = something, or dMglitazone /dt = something. Your model shouldinclude three compartments: the gut, the plasma, and the fatty tissues. Make sure to include a diagram thatillustrates your thinking, state all assumptions, and define your variables. Do not solve the equations.
Case Study—Ella
Review the case study and then answer Parts A through F.
Ella has a family history of diabetes. She wants to follow a healthful eating pattern that can lower her risk for developing this condition. Her dietitian recommends a goal of 450 to 600 kcal per meal and advises Ella to follow the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which recommend limiting added sugar. She also recommends that Ella choose whole grains rather than processed grains. Ella decides to pack a lunch to take to work every day. This morning she’s making a sandwich for her lunch.
Categories of Sandwich Options (Top of the screen)
Breads
Spreads
Cheeses
Vegetables
Proteins
Specific food items to select
White Bread 6-inches
Honey Mustard
Provolone
LettuceTomatoBell Peppers
Turkey
Part A - Reading Nutrition Facts Panels for Total Kilocalories
How many total kilocalories are in Ella’s sandwich?
_____…
Chapter 25 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1ELOCh. 25.1 - Understand what is meant by antigenic shift and...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 4ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 5ELOCh. 25.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 25.1 - What is unusual about the genome of influenza...Ch. 25.1 - Explain how antigenic shift and drift differ and...Ch. 25.1 - Explain the course of infection and disease and...Ch. 25.1 - Explain generally how flu vaccines are prepared....
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 25.1 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 25.2 - Recall the enveloped viruses possessing a...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 7ELOCh. 25.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 25.2 - Prob. 9ELOCh. 25.2 - Describe the structural characteristics common to...Ch. 25.2 - Describe the steps in the production of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 10CYPCh. 25.2 - Name two examples of Paramyxovirus and describe...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 25.2 - Summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment,...Ch. 25.2 - Describe the epidemiological cycle in rabies.Ch. 25.2 - Which animals in the United States are most...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 25.2 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 25.3 - Understand the epidemiology, diagnosis, and...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 25.3 - Summarize the transmission and pathology of the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 25.3 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 25.3 - Outline a typical course of hepatitis C infection,...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 25.4 - Describe the pathology of arboviral disease.Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 16ELOCh. 25.4 - Name several activities that increase the risk of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 25.4 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 25.4 - How is the cycle of the viruses maintained in the...Ch. 25.4 - Describe the symptoms of the encephalitis type of...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 29CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 17ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 25.5 - Describe the structural features of the human...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 20ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 22ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 24ELOCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25ELOCh. 25.5 - Understand the purpose of using combination...Ch. 25.5 - Describe the diseases associated with HTLV-I.Ch. 25.5 - What are retroviruses, and how are they different...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 31CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 33CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 34CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 35CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 36CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 37CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 38CYPCh. 25.5 - List the major opportunistic bacterial, fungal,...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 40CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 41CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 42CYPCh. 25.5 - What is the rationale behind the use of HAART...Ch. 25.5 - Prob. 44CYPCh. 25.5 - Prob. 45CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 28ELOCh. 25.6 - Describe the range of pathologies seen in...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 30ELOCh. 25.6 - Understand the epidemiology, diagnosis, and...Ch. 25.6 - Understand why rhinovirus infections are typically...Ch. 25.6 - Describe the epidemiology and pathology of...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 34ELOCh. 25.6 - Prob. 46CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 47CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 48CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 49CYPCh. 25.6 - What characteristics of enteric viruses cause them...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 51CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 52CYPCh. 25.6 - List several activities that reduce the incidence...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 54CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 55CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 56CYPCh. 25.6 - Prob. 57CYPCh. 25.6 - What viruses possess a double-stranded RNA genome...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 35ELOCh. 25.7 - Prob. 36ELOCh. 25.7 - Prob. 37ELOCh. 25.7 - Describe the characteristics of the agents...Ch. 25.7 - Explain how bovine spongiform encephalopathy can...Ch. 25.7 - Make a flowchart to explain the mechanism of how...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 62CYPCh. 25.7 - Prob. 63CYPCh. 25.L1 - Which receptors of the influenza virus are...Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 25.L1 - A common, highly diagnostic sign of measles is a....Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 25.L1 - For which disease are active and passive...Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 25.L1 - Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of a....Ch. 25.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 14MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 2WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 3WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 25.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 25.L2 - a. Explain the relationship between herd immunity...Ch. 25.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 25.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 25.L2 - Biopsies from the liver and intestine of an...Ch. 25.L2 - Refer to figures 25.2 and 25.23, and compare and...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- , if one of the archaeological specimens lacked the celiac disease-causing epitope, how could PCR be used to identify the allele in a contemporary germplasm collection of wild wheats, and to assist in transferring the allele to modern wheat varieties?arrow_forwardNow you will consider the composition of lipoproteins, including where they are synthesized, how they circulate, and where the various lipid and protein components are located within the lipoprotein molecule. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.arrow_forwardThe Oregon Wolfe Barley mapping population is unique in having 12 easily-scored morphological markers, each showing monogenic inheritance. Do you consider these markers useful? Briefly defend your answer, pointing out advantages and disadvantages of morphological vs. molecular markers.arrow_forward
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions Calculate these : a) B1, b) B2, c) hybrid rate constant (1) d) hybrid rate constant (2) e) t1/2,dist f) t1/2,elim g) k10 h) k12 i) k21 j) initial concentration (C0) k) central compartment volume (V1) l) steady-state volume (Vss) m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞) p) total AUC (using short cut method) q) volume from AUC (VAUC)arrow_forwardIn a population of Jackalopes (pictured below), horn length will vary between 0.5 and 2 feet, with the mean length somewhere around 1.05 feet. You pick Jackalopes that have horn lengths around 1.75 feet to breed as this appears to be the optimal length for battling other Jackalopes for food. After a round of breeding, you measure the offsprings' mean horn length is 1.67. What is the heritability of horns length (h2)? Is Jackalope horn length a heritable trait? (4 pts)? 12pt v R Paragraph V BIU A श्र > Barrow_forwardThere are many differences between DNA replication happening during mitosis in a Douglas fir tree growing in the Oregon Cascade Mountains and DNA replication happening during a PCR reaction in a forestry research lab at Oregon State University where the laboratory is amplifying a Simple Sequence Repeat. Complete the following table that compares the two DNA replication events in terms of the primers, the nucleotides, the polymerase, and the target sequence. Additionally, give a general value for the number of copies of the template DNA after one S phase in one cell and after the lab has completed the PCR reaction. Tree SSR Type your answer here: Primers Nucleotides Polymerase Target sequence Number of copiesarrow_forward
- Describe how insulin binding to its receptor induces glucose uptake in healthy individuals. Please specifyeach step in the cascade and use a diagram to illustrate the answer.arrow_forwardThere is a patient with breast cancer, after staining the breast tissue with H&E, state the molecular subtype of the tumour extracted. Results of H&E staining are down belowarrow_forwardBiopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics:Two-Compartment Model Instant Absorption Questions Calculate these : a) B1, b) B2, c) hybrid rate constant (1) d) hybrid rate constant (2) e) t1/2,dist f) t1/2,elim g) k10 h) k12 i) k21 j) initial concentration (C0) k) central compartment volume (V1) l) steady-state volume (Vss) m) clearance (CL) AUC (0→10 min) using trapezoidal rule n) AUC (20→30 min) using trapezoidal rule o) AUCtail (AUC360→∞) p) total AUC (using short cut method) q) volume from AUC (VAUC)arrow_forward
- Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for a propanoic acid solution (CH₂CH₂CO₂H, pK₁ = 4.874) to calculate the quotient [A-]/[HA] at three different pH values. pH = 4.479 [A-] [HA] [A-] pH = 4.874 [HA] = pH = 5.220 [A-] = [HA]arrow_forwardIn order to establish the expiration date of perishable food, growth curve data must be collected. Once the microbial load is so high that it poses a hazard to human health, the food item is no longer considered safe (expired). Generally a load of x50,000 bacteria/gram is considered unsafe. Your task is to determine the microbial growth curves for MicroYo, a new brand of yogurt. The growth is determined by sampling the yogurt and growing the bacterial isolates in broth culture which is then serially diluted by a total of x10,000 and inoculated onto standard petri plates of nutrient agar. The following colony counts are measured: Time (days) MicroYo colony count# 1 1 4 1 12 2 16 20 4 7 What day should you recommend expiring the yogurt (the last possible date before the microbial load is unsafe). 12 4 20 16arrow_forward9. Chicken combs in chickens is an example where you see interactions between genes. See potential genotypes and phenotypes below. Which genotype, when mated to a rose comb chicken, will produce progeny that are 50% walnut comb and 50% pea comb? walnut (RRPP) walnut (RrPP) pea (rrPP) walnut (RRPP) walnut (RrPp) pea (rrPp) rose rose single (RRPP) (Rrpp) (rrpp)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (Min...NursingISBN:9781337406291Author:Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey, Cindy CoreyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning
Understanding Nutrition (MindTap Course List)Health & NutritionISBN:9781337392693Author:Eleanor Noss Whitney, Sharon Rady RolfesPublisher:Cengage LearningEssentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions (Min...
Nursing
ISBN:9781337406291
Author:Gerald Corey, Marianne Schneider Corey, Cindy Corey
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...
Nursing
ISBN:9781305964792
Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Understanding Nutrition (MindTap Course List)
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337392693
Author:Eleanor Noss Whitney, Sharon Rady Rolfes
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions
Nursing
ISBN:9781305441620
Author:WOODROW
Publisher:Cengage
The Human Reproductive System; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TucxiIB76bo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY