ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135964422
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25.2, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTlONS Describe how the origin of multicellularity in animals illustrates Darwin's concept of descent with modification (see Concept 19.2).
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Segmentation
Can be fused into specialized functional regions
Is seen in insects, worms, and their relatives
Is important in the evolution of increasing organismal disparity
Is seen in the Cnidaria (jellyfish and friends)
Is seen in vertebrates (animals with backbones, like you)
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.
You have now studied three different types of anatomical structures.
Homologous structures show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These
are seen in organisms that are closely related.
1. Give an example of a homologous structure from this activity:
Analogous structures have very different anatomies but similar functions. These are seen in
organismsthat are not necessarily closely related but live in similar environments and have
similar adaptations.
2. Give an example of an analogous structure from this activity:
Vestigial structures are anatomical remnants that were important in the organism's ancestors
but are nolonger used in the same way.
3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity:
Chapter 25 Solutions
ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
Ch. 25.1 - Describe major events in the evolution of early...Ch. 25.1 - Explain why eukaryotes are said to be combination...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.2 - Summarize the evidence that choanoflagellates are...Ch. 25.2 - MAKE CONNECTlONS Describe how the origin of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Briefly describe the organisms found in each of...Ch. 25.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figures 7.2 and 8.5...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 25.4 - Justify the claim that photosynthetic protists are...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25 - The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 25 - Plastids that are surrounded by more than two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 25.10,...Ch. 25 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The bacterium Wolbachia is a...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DRAW IT Medical researchers...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Organisms interact with each...Ch. 25 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE These micrographs show...
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- Please help to answer with explanation: Cnidaria (jelly fish) have neuromuscular (nerve net) cells in their ectoderm. These cells are important in evolution because they represent cells specializing to become a) the lungs, b) the cells forming a specialized tissue. c) the first tissue to perform photosynthesis d) tall are true, e) none are true.arrow_forwardJay Guide The human embryo and the embryos of other animals with backbones have gill slits. According to the modern evolutionary theory, this best supports the idea: Mark only one oval. That fish are our closest relatives All embryos breathe through their gills All animals with backbones are related by common ancestry All organisms have gill slits at an early stage in their developmentarrow_forwardEVOLUTION LINK What is the common ground between evolutionary biologists and developmental biologists who have adopted the perspective known as Evo Devo?arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts What evidence shows that the most recent common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans was much more arboreal than modern humans are? We spoke of paleoenvironmental processes that changed the ecological environmental conditions in Africa somewhere around 7 million years in Africa: which are they? How would have these processes might have selected for a less arboreal lifestyle in the human lineage? Why did the same changes not evolve in the chimpanzee lineage?arrow_forwardHomologous structures are evidence that O That the animals probably share a common ancestor O That all animals probably came from each other O That all animals probably share the exact same DNA O That all the animals are unrlatedarrow_forwardExplain how the evolution of specific body structures enable species to specialise for specific environmental niches, using specific examples from this practical (your answer should be 100 words max).arrow_forward
- Place the evolutionary steps that led to complex multicellularity in the order in which they thought to have occurred. 1 v [ Choose ] differential gene expression in cells the ability to communicate between cells the ability to move molecules by bulk flow the ability of cells to stick to each other 3. [ Choose ] 4 [ Choose ] 2.arrow_forwardSee attached. 1. Which pair of animals in numbers 1-3 belongs to a common ancestral group? Explain your answer.2. Fossils and anatomical records both provide pieces of evidence of evolution. How do you determine the age of fossils of an Aurorazhdarcho micronyx and an Archeopterix?arrow_forwardHow can embryos help scientists understand evolution? Embryos go through various stages that suggest the animal’s evolutionary process. Embryos are frequently fossilized and illustrate change over time. Embryos provide evidence for which life forms existed at the same time. Embryos contain the code for all life on Earth.arrow_forward
- Evolution in Humans 1) explain how differences in gene expression of genetically similar organism can result in different evolutionary outcomes 2) describe the evolution of symbolic thought in humansarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 7.Which of the following is true of mammals? (a) they evolved from saurischian dinosaurs (b) they are exotherms (c) they have hair and three middle ear bones (d) mammalian embryos do not have an amnion (e) they all bear their young alive (do not lay eggs).arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8.VISUALIZE Draw a simple cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among extant mammals (marsupials, eutherians, and monotremes). Include the following characters in your cladogram: well-developed placenta, vivipary, endothermy, marsupium, hair.arrow_forward
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