Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
When one creature lives in the body of other organism and has mutual beneficial relation, then this interaction is known as endosymbiosis. In secondary endosymbiosis, the plastid lives in the prokaryotes and in primary endosymbiosis; the plastids are present in eukaryotes.
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One of these is NOT true about the mitochondria and plastid organelles in eukaryotes
A.
mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA
B.
the products of photosynthesis are metabolized by the mitochondria
C.
all eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids
D.
CO2 produced by the mitochondrial can be used in the cell to carry out photosynthesis
Like all eukaryotes, the protozoan Giardia has undergone lateral gene transfer as shown by the presence of the gene cpn60 in its nuclear genome.
What does cpn60 do in Giardia?
A.
It has no known function.
B.
It codes for an essential transcription factor.
C.
It codes for a component of the electron transport chain.
D.
It codes for a molecular chaperone that aids in the folding of mitochondrial protein.
Horizontal gene transfer probably started soon after endosymbiosis. It has resulted in genes being moved from the mitochondrion to the nucleus.
What is a reasonable explanation for why some genes still remain in the mitochondria?
A.
The products of those genes are rapidly damaged and need to be quickly replaced.
B.
The products of those genes are not required for organelle function.
C.
The ability for lateral gene transfer ended about a billion years ago and some genes simply got “stuck” within mitochondria.
D.
The products of those genes are only needed in the mitochondria.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 25.1 - Describe major events in the evolution of early...Ch. 25.1 - Explain why eukaryotes are said to be combination...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.2 - Summarize the evidence that choanoflagellates are...Ch. 25.2 - MAKE CONNECTlONS Describe how the origin of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Briefly describe the organisms found in each of...Ch. 25.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figures 7.2 and 8.5...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Prob. 4CC
Ch. 25.4 - Justify the claim that photosynthetic protists are...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25 - The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 25 - Plastids that are surrounded by more than two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 25.10,...Ch. 25 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The bacterium Wolbachia is a...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DRAW IT Medical researchers...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Organisms interact with each...Ch. 25 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE These micrographs show...
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- Chloroplasts and mitochondria both possess internal membranes. Which of the following is true regarding these membranes? A. Enzymes embedded in these membranes catalyze the synthesis and hydrolysis of glucose B. These membranes are vestiges of pre-symbiotic development and serve no purpose. C. Proton gradients develop across these membranes and power ATP synthesis. D. These membranes contain gaseous products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.arrow_forwardAccording to the theory of endosymbiosis, organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once free-living cells that were absorbed into another cell. The relationship benefited both cells to stay together. What evidence do scientists observe today that supports the theory of endosymbiosis? Select all that apply. a There are ribosomes found inside mitochondria and chloroplasts just like there are inside cells. b Looking inside mitochondria and chloroplasts, one will find that they each contain their own DNA. c Mitochondria and chloroplasts are found inside all cell types. d Mitochondria and chloroplasts each have a membrane around them just like a cell would.arrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food? A. The host cell would have been poisoned if it had digested the engulfed cell. B. The host cell was able to survive anaerobic conditions with the engulfed cell alive. C. The engulfed cell provided the host cell with CO2 D. The engulfed cell provided the host cell with ATP. E. The engulfed cell allowed the host cell to metabolize glucose.arrow_forward
- Alternation of generations describes which of the following? a. The haploid form can be multicellular; the diploid form is unicellular. b. The haploid form is unicellular; the diploid form can be multicellular. c. Both the haploid and diploid forms can be multicellular. d. Neither the haploid nor the diploid forms can be multicellular.arrow_forwardThe process of photosynthesis probably originated: A. in plants B. as a heterotrophic specialization C. in prokaryotes D. as a chemosynthetic specialization E. in bryophytesarrow_forwardWhat is odd about apicoplasts? Select one: a. they are chloroplasts found in mammals b. they can make make sugars without an electron transport chain c. they are a type of plastid found in mosquitos d. they can perform photosynthesis in the dark e. they are a type of plastid found in some protistsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share? A. They are both believed to originally be Eubacteria B. They are both double-membrane structures. C. They are capable of reproducing themselves. D. They are both part of the endoplasmic membrane system. E. They both have their own DNA.arrow_forward. Which of the following characteristics of chloroplastsand/or mitochondria make them seem more similar tobacterial cells than to eukaryotic cells?a. Translation is sensitive to chloramphenicol anderythromycin.b. Alternate codons are used in mitochondria genes.c. Introns are present in organelle genes.d. DNA in organelles is not arranged innucleosomes.arrow_forwardGreen plants differ from the algal Charophycea in: O a. Green plants use phragmoplasts. Ob. Green plants do not have growth throughout the whole length of the stem. O C. Green plants have vascular tissue. d. Green plants have seeds. O e. Green plants do not have asexual reproduction. BIOL2102_derekmr here to search DELLarrow_forward
- Protoplasts are plant cells that lack a. nuclei. b. cell walls. c. plasma membranes. d. protoplasm.arrow_forwardAlthough ascospores are produced by mitotic division, none of the spores develop into fungi that are identical to either parental hyphae. What is the BEST explanation for this observation? A. The spores inherit half their genes from each parent. B. The spores inherit haploid nuclei from their parents. C. The spores inherit mutations as a result of meiosis. D. The spores inherit mutations as a result of mitosis. Photo Attatchedarrow_forwardOn the tree of life, branches that lead to several groups of green algae branch off from the one that leads to land plants. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Green algae are very closely related to the fungi. B. Green algae and land plants are not related. C. Land plants appeared first in the fossil record. D. Green algae are the ancestors of land plant mycorrhizae E. Land plants and algae have a common ancestor.arrow_forward
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