Economics: Principles & Policy
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337696326
Author: William J. Baumol; Alan S. Blinder; John L. Solow
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 3TY
To determine
Construction of the aggregate
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The following graph shows a decrease in aggregate demand (AD) in a hypothetical country. Specifically, aggregate demand shifts to the left from AD1AD1 to AD2AD2, causing the quantity of output demanded to fall at all price levels. For example, at a price level of 140, output is now $200 billion, where previously it was $300 billion.
The following table lists several determinants of aggregate demand.
Complete the table by indicating the change in each determinant necessary to decrease aggregate demand.
Change needed to decrease AD
Wealth
(increase/ decrease)
Taxes
(increase/ decrease)
Expected rate of return on investment
(increase/ decrease)
Incomes in other countries
(increase/ decrease)
"The demand curves for all products have
negative slopes. For instance, the demand
curves for milk,automobiles, personal
computers, and shirts all have negative
slopes. Therefore, because the aggregate
demand curve shows the demand for all
products, it too must have a negative slope. "
Comment on this assertion.
The graphs illustrate an initial equilibrium for the economy. Suppose that the government increases taxes.
Use the graphs to show the new positions of aggregate demand (AD), short-run aggregate supply (SRAS), and long-run
aggregate supply (LRAS) in both the short run and the long run, as well as the short-run and long-run equilibriums resulting
from this change. Then, indicate what happens to the price level and GDP in the short run and in the long run.
Aggregate price level
Short-run graph
LRAS
SRAS
Short-run equilibrium
Real GDP
AD
Aggregate price level
Long-run graph
LRAS
Long-run equilibrium
Real GDP
AD
SRAS
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Economics: Principles & Policy
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- Determinants of aggregate demand The following graph shows a decrease in aggregate demand (AD) in a hypothetical country. Specifically, aggregate demand shifts to the left from AD1AD1 to AD2AD2, causing the quantity of output demanded to fall at all price levels. For example, at a price level of 140, output is now $200 billion, where previously it was $300 billion.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions, which relate to the aggregate expenditures model:a. If Ca is $100, Ig is $50, Xn is -$10, and G is $30, what is the economy’s equilibrium GDP?b. If real GDP in an economy is currently $200, Ca is $100, Ig is $50, Xn is -$10, and G is $30, will the economy’s real GDP rise, fall, or stay the same?c. Suppose that full-employment (and full-capacity) output in an economy is $200. If Ca is $150, Ig is $50, Xn is -$10, and G is $30, what will be the macroeconomic result?arrow_forwardThe following graph shows an aggregate demand curve (AD) illustrating the inverse relationship between the price level and the quantity of Real GDP in the United States. During World War II, the United States increased military spending. Show the effect of the following scenario on the aggregate demand curve by dragging the curve or moving the point to the appropriate position. Note: Tool tip: To move the curve, click and drag any part of the curve. The curve will snap into position, so if you try to move it and it snaps back to its original position, just try again and drag it a little farther. PRICE LEVEL Aggregate Demand I I " I 1 REAL GDP AD AD (?)arrow_forward
- Suppose that the price level is constant and that investment decreases sharply. How would you show this decrease in the aggregate expenditures model? What would be the outcome for real GDP? How would you show this fall in investment in the aggregate demand–aggregate supply model, assuming the economy is operating in what, in effect, is a horizontal section of the aggregate supply curve?arrow_forwardThe following graph shows several aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves for an economy whose potential output is $5 trillion. The curves are labelled a, b, c, and d. Three points on the graph are also indicated by grey stars and labelled K, L, and M. 100 90 80 M. 70 60 50 b 40 30 a 20 2 3 4 5 6 7 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) Identify which curve on the previous graph corresponds to each description in the following table. If the curve described does not appear on the graph choose Not Shown. Description b Not Shown a Long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when the economy is at long-run equilibrium Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when there is an inflationary gap Short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) when there is a recessionary gap Aggregate demand (AD) PRICE LE VELarrow_forwardThe graphs illustrate an initial equilibrium for the economy. Suppose that the government increases spending. Use the graphs to show the new positions of aggregate demand (AD), short‑run aggregate supply (SRAS), and long‑run aggregate supply (LRAS) in both the short run and the long run, as well as the short‑run and long‑run equilibriums resulting from this change. Then, indicate what happens to the price level and real GDP (or aggregate output) in the short run and in the long run. Adjust the graph. explain the second image as well and which is right.arrow_forward
- The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve in a hypothetical economy. At point A, the price level is 140, and the quantity of output demanded is $300 billion. Moving down along the aggregate demand curve from point A to point B, the price level falls to 120, and the quantity of output demanded rises to $500 billion. 170 100 180 140 130 120 110 AD 100 00 100 200 300 400 B00 700 OUTPUT (Billians of dollars) As the price level falls, the cost of borrowing money will , causing the quantity of output demanded to Additionally, as the price level falls, the impact on the domestic interest rate will cause the real value of the dollar to in foreign exchange markets. The number of domestic products purchased by foreigners (exports) will therefore and the number of foreign products purchased by domestic consumers and firms (imports) will Net exports will therefore causing the quantity of domestic output demanded toarrow_forwardLocate a news article that describes an event that would cause a shift in the Aggregate Demand (Aggregate Expenditure). Describe if the event would cause an “upward” or “downward” shift in the Aggregate Demand curve and why. Briefly explain how this then fits within the Consumption Function.arrow_forwardThe following graph shows the short-run and long-run aggregate supply curves (SRAS and LRAS) for an economy. Suppose there is a technological improvement that allows firms to reduce their costs of production permanently. Drag one or both of the curves on the graph to illustrate the long-term effects of this change. If you don't believe there will be any long-term effects, leave the curves where they are. 240 LRAS SRAS 200 SRAS 160 LRAS 120 80 40 6 12 18 24 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) Assuming aggregate demand is not affected by the technological improvement, the long-run effect of this v supply shock is v in aggregate output and v in the price level. PRICE LEVELarrow_forward
- Please answer everything in the photos including the graphs.arrow_forwardSuppose an economy is operating at point A on the graph showing aggregate demand. A decrease in the aggregate price level causes the economy to move to point B On the graph showing aggregate expenditures (AE), show the change caused by the movement from point A to point B on the aggregate demand curve. Aggregate price level Aggregate demand Aggregate output Aggregate expenditures Income (Y) Y-AE AEarrow_forwardPRICE LEVEL Suppose there is some hypothetical economy in which households spend $0.50 of each additional dollar they earn and save the $0.50 they have left over. The following graph plots the economy's initial aggregate demand curve (AD₁). Suppose now that the government increases its purchases by $2 billion. Use the green line (triangle symbol) on the following graph to show the aggregate demand curve (AD₂) after the multiplier effect takes place. Hint: Be sure the new aggregate demand curve (AD2) is parallel to AD1. You can see the slope of AD₁ by selecting it on the following graph. 116 114 112 110 AD₁ 108 106 104 12 102 100 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 38.3¢ AD 3 (?)arrow_forward
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