Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 3RQ
List four distinguishing features of chordates.
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a)What region of the DNA do general transcription factors and RNA polymerase bind to?
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c)What are the TFs called that bind to Enhancer Sites?
d)Describe the role of Activators and Repressors in development.
a) Describe how mRNA and tRNA interact.
b)Translate the following mRNA codons: AUG GUU AAC CAG UGA
c) What are transcription factors made of?
a) State the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology in your own words.
b) What enzyme synthesizes mRNA?
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - describe the features that distinguish chordates...Ch. 25.2 - name and describe the chordates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - name and describe the craniates that are not...Ch. 25.2 - describe the key adaptations of vertebrates?Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 25.3 - Most sharks avoid humans, but large sharks of some...Ch. 25.3 - With regard to water regulation (maintaining the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 25.3 - Consider the graph shown in Figure E25-2. Imagine...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 4TC
Ch. 25.3 - describe the key features of lampreys,...Ch. 25.3 - name and describe the main subgroups included...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 25 - The two groups of mammals with the largest number...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2MCCh. 25 - Prob. 3MCCh. 25 - Prob. 4MCCh. 25 - Prob. 5MCCh. 25 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 25 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 25 - Briefly describe each of the following...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2RQCh. 25 - List four distinguishing features of chordates.Ch. 25 - Prob. 4RQCh. 25 - List the adaptations that distinguish reptiles...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6RQCh. 25 - Prob. 7RQCh. 25 - Prob. 1ACCh. 25 - Prob. 2AC
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- Give me detailed Solution. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwarda) The lux operon is under positive control. Based on this information, does the luxR regulator sequence make a repressor protein or an activator protein? b) How will binding of this complex affect RNA polymerase? Remember this operon is under positive control. c) AHL is a signal molecule that V. fisheri makes to communicate with neighboring bacterial cells. This molecule can diffuse outside of the cell and into another bacterial cell in close proximity. This type of communication between bacterial cells is known as quorum sensing. If bacterial cell density is low how will this affect the lux operon? What will happen if the density is high?arrow_forward1) Given an mRNA with the following sequence, please translate the codons to a chain of amino acids. Use the codon chart below.5’AUG/CCU/GCU/UAC/CGG/GAG/UAA3’ “met-_________-_________-_________-_________-_________”STOP” 2) Assuming the original polypeptide chain below, match each type of point mutation with the polypeptide chain that results. Original polypeptide: Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn A. Missense B. Silent C. Nonsense D. Frameshift ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-STOP ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Ile-His-Asn ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn _______ Pro-Thr-His-Cys-Tyr-Thrarrow_forward
- Referring to the Standard Genetic Code table, categorize the chemical properties of each of the 24 amino acids that make up the ER Signal Peptide (hydrophobic, hydrophilic, positive charge, or negative charge). What is notable about the chemical properties of the amino acids that make up the ER Signal Peptide? methionine- translation code tra-hyperopic amino acid R Origine eukiauk aicd amino glutamine HYDOICO ACIDS gaac -CHANGED AMINO ACIDarrow_forward1) Given an mRNA with the following sequence, please translate the codons to a chain of amino acids. Use the codon chart below.5’AUG/CCU/GCU/UAC/CGG/GAG/UAA3’ “met-_________-_________-_________-_________-_________”STOP” 2) Assuming the original polypeptide chain below, match each type of point mutation with the polypeptide chain that results. Original polypeptide: Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn A. Missense B. Silent C. Nonsense D. Frameshift ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-STOP ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Ile-His-Asn ______ Pro-Thr-Ser-Leu-Leu-His-Asn _______ Pro-Thr-His-Cys-Tyr-Thrarrow_forwarda) The relationship between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and V. fischeri is symbiotic where both species benefit. What is the benefit to each? b) Why might quorum sensing be beneficial to pathogenic bacteria? c) How might scientists use quorum sensing to treat bacterial infections?arrow_forward
- a) What is the function of the disulfide bonds that form within and between the alpha and beta chains? b) How does proinsulin differ from mature insulin? c) What organelles are involved in forming mature insulin?arrow_forwarda) The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain terminates with a *. What does this symbol mean? b) In your own words describe the function of the signal peptide and its final fate in post transcriptional modification. c)How many amino acids form the precursor of insulin (preproinsulin)? d) Since the C-peptide is cut out of proinsulin to create the final mature insulin (B-chain and A-chain) what role do you think the C-peptide might play in the biosynthesis of the mature insulin protein?arrow_forwarda) Calculating Transformation Efficiency For the +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG plate, record the following: Number of transformants (colonies): _________________ Nanograms of plasmid DNA added: 50 ng Final recovery volume: 0.50 mL Volume plated: 0.25 mL Transformation efficiency equation: Transformation efficiency = Number of transformants / µg of DNA x Final volume at recovery (mL)/ volume plated (mL) b) Using the equation above, calculate the transformation efficiency. c) Describe the success of the transformation efficiency of this demo based on the calculation you did above?arrow_forward
- a) What differences would you expect to see between the -DNA/+Amp and +DNA/+Amp plates? b) Predict the growth you would expect to see on each of the following plates: – DNA ___________________________________________________________ – DNA/+Amp ______________________________________________________ +DNA/+Amp ______________________________________________________ +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG _________________________________________________arrow_forward1)Which plate did you see purple/pink/blue bacterial cells? Why did you see this growth? Explain your answer in terms of transformation and plasmids? 2) Calculating Transformation Efficiency For the +DNA/+Amp/+IPTG plate, record the following: Number of transformants (colonies): _________________ Nanograms of plasmid DNA added: 50 ng Final recovery volume: 0.50 mL Volume plated: 0.25 mL Transformation efficiency equation: Transformation efficiency = Number of transformants / µg of DNA x Final volume at recovery (mL)/ volume plated (mL) 3) Using the equation above, calculate the transformation efficiency. 4) Describe the success of the transformation efficiency of this demo based on the calculation you did above?arrow_forwardOverview of Transformation Protocol -Prepare competent bacteria for transformation: Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure. Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed. -Transformation procedure: Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA. Add CaCl2 to both tubes. Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube. Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes. Add recovery broth to both tubes. Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes. Questions: 1) What differences would you expect to see between the…arrow_forward
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