Chapter 25, Problem 3CT

Summary Introduction

Case summary:The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed two rules namely, Phase I and Phase II. Phase I rule provides for the restriction of water inflow to a level equivalent to a level achieved through a closed-cycle recirculating cooling system. Phase II rule applies "national performance standards" to over 500 existing plants. They pleaded that converting these plants to closed-cycle systems will bear more costs and fewer benefits. Various environment organizations were aggrieved by this decision and they challenged phase II rule in US court.

To find: Necessity to draw a line on the nation’s border while analyzing the actions affecting the environment.