Chapter 25, Problem 2RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probable cause of man’s pain.

Introduction: There are various types of obstruction disorders in the kidney. The urinary obstruction occurs in the urinary tractfrom the urethra to the renal pelvis. The obstruction may be of different types, such as unilateral, bilateral, incomplete, incomplete, and many more.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine:  The diagnosis measure used to confirm the cause of pain.

Introduction: The most common cause fo the urinary obstruction is kidney stones or nephrolithiasis. The stones are developed due to urinary tract infections and prostate disorders.

C.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chances that the man will pass the stone spontaneously.

Introduction: There are four types of kidney stones: calcium or oxalate or phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine stones. Mostly the kidney stones are calcium stones that are formed due to a combination of two minerals calcium and phosphorus.

D.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The type of medications and other treatments that should be received by the person.

Introduction: The obstructive disorders produce the stasis of the urine, which increases the risk of infection and formation of the renal stone or kidney stones. Which may cause renal atrophy. The treatment of the kidney stones is dependent on the removal of the stone.

E.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The measures used to prevent stone recurrence.

Introduction: Calcium stones are formed due to the accumulation of calcium and phosphate. The magnesium stones are known as struvite stones, and the stones are only formed due to the alkaline urine and presence of bacteria containing enzyme urease. The cystine stones are usually formed in childhood, due to genetic defect.