Shakespeare's admonition and the goldsmith evolution as fractional reserve banking.
Explanation of Solution
The barter system was the market exchange system that existed in the ancient period. According to the barter system, a commodity was exchanged with another commodity in the market. Thus, there should be double co-incidence of needs in order for exchange to take place in the market. This problem was corrected with the establishment of the money. Money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange in the market; it is unit of account as well as the store of value in the economy. There are many forms of money such as the paper currencies, metallic coins, bills and so on.
Gold was considered as money in the European nations in the middle ages. The preciousness of the metal and the heaviness made storage of the metal very difficult. This means that they needed a place to store the gold. The solution was to deposit the gold with those who work with it such as the goldsmiths. The paper receipt for the deposited gold started to be valued as money. Thus, the goldsmiths were the first bankers. In the initial ages, the goldsmiths followed the Shakespeare’s idea and they provided only the receipts for the gold that they had in their vaults.
Later, they were able to identify that whenever people were drawing their gold deposits from the goldsmiths, the new gold deposits were there to offset the drawings. Thus, they were able to lend out loan to the people from their gold deposits and identified that there is no requirement to keep 100 percent deposits with them. This started the evolution of the fractional reserve system where the banks were able to make the loans to the public only keeping a small fraction of the deposits as reserves with them. Thus, at the final stages, the goldsmiths did not follow the idea of Shakespeare, which never created new money and stimulated the economy due to the absence of the loans and the presence of 100 percent reserves.
Money: Money is anything that has basically three functions such as, the medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value in the economy.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Economics For Today
- Create an example (make up your own numbers) for a virtual bank in the case of a decline in the required reserve ratio.arrow_forwardExplain how financialinnovation led to thegrowth of the shadowbanking systemarrow_forwardIn the PowerPoint presentation, what did we learn about "shadow banking?" Multiple Choice This market consists of pawn shops, payday check cashing centers, and high-interest rate online lenders like LendingClub and Prosper. The Fed really doesn't do a good job in regulating these types of lenders. This marketplace is illegal and is run by organizations like the Hell's Angels and the Mafia. This is shadow banking. Shadow Banking is simply offshore banks located outside of the U.S. This is the Federal Reserves Bank's super-secret lending program where they lend money to finance CIA orchestrated plans to overthrow foreign governments, counter-terrorist operations, anti-money laundering strike teams, and to catch those involved in counterfeiting.arrow_forward
- Explain why the interest rate channel of the transmission of monetary policy works better if there is more competition in the financial market (Banking sector) of the economy ?arrow_forwardBanks are often accused of collusion. Valid- ate the extent to which collusion is possible in the banking sector?arrow_forwardwhat does new keynsian says about money neutrality?arrow_forward
- Suppose that the reserve requirement is currently 13% and you deposit $1500 cash into your bank account. What is the total amount of induced expansion across the banking industry? Round your answer to the nearest penny.arrow_forwardExplain with example the differences between Islamic banking and conventional banking,arrow_forwardThe amount a bank is required to withhold on a customer's deposits on reserve in their vault or on deposit with the central bank represents the deposit ratio Is it true or false?arrow_forward
- An economist makes the following assessment in a study he has prepared: ".. As a result of the simultaneous money transfer possibilities, the spread of electronic money, the increase in financial diversity and depth, the monetary base has become equal to the broadly defined money supply..." According to this statement, a. How can such a situation arise? b. What would the function of the banking system be in such an environment?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is classified as a bank function? Acting as an intermediary Acting as a lender of last resort Providing liquidity Diversifying risk Diversifying liquidityarrow_forwardDiscuss how each of the three (3) traditional monetary tools of the Federal Reserve Bank affects money supply, interest rates, consumption & investment, and real GDP.arrow_forward
- Exploring EconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781544336329Author:Robert L. SextonPublisher:SAGE Publications, IncEconomics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning