
Shakespeare's admonition and the goldsmith evolution as fractional reserve banking.

Explanation of Solution
The barter system was the market exchange system that existed in the ancient period. According to the barter system, a commodity was exchanged with another commodity in the market. Thus, there should be double co-incidence of needs in order for exchange to take place in the market. This problem was corrected with the establishment of the money. Money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange in the market; it is unit of account as well as the store of value in the economy. There are many forms of money such as the paper currencies, metallic coins, bills and so on.
Gold was considered as money in the European nations in the middle ages. The preciousness of the metal and the heaviness made storage of the metal very difficult. This means that they needed a place to store the gold. The solution was to deposit the gold with those who work with it such as the goldsmiths. The paper receipt for the deposited gold started to be valued as money. Thus, the goldsmiths were the first bankers. In the initial ages, the goldsmiths followed the Shakespeare’s idea and they provided only the receipts for the gold that they had in their vaults.
Later, they were able to identify that whenever people were drawing their gold deposits from the goldsmiths, the new gold deposits were there to offset the drawings. Thus, they were able to lend out loan to the people from their gold deposits and identified that there is no requirement to keep 100 percent deposits with them. This started the evolution of the fractional reserve system where the banks were able to make the loans to the public only keeping a small fraction of the deposits as reserves with them. Thus, at the final stages, the goldsmiths did not follow the idea of Shakespeare, which never created new money and stimulated the economy due to the absence of the loans and the presence of 100 percent reserves.
Money: Money is anything that has basically three functions such as, the medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value in the economy.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Economics For Today
- answer both question in the picture below swteo by step and give right answer please and explainarrow_forwardnot use ai pleasearrow_forwardA linear programming computer package is needed. As part of the settlement for a class action lawsuit, Hoxworth Corporation must provide sufficient cash to make the following annual payments (in thousands of dollars). 6 Year 1 23. 4 Payment 160 185 210 255 285 430 The annual payments must be made at the beginning of each year. The judge will approve an amount that, along with earnings on its investment, will cover the annual payments. Investment of the funds will be limited to savings (at 4% annually) and government securities, at prices and rates currently quoted in The Wall Street Journal. Hoxworth wants to develop a plan for making the annual payments by investing in the following securities (par value = $1,000). Funds not invested in these securities will be placed in savings. Security Current Price 1 $1,055 Rate (%) Years to Maturity 6.750 3 2 $1,000 5.125 Assume that interest is paid annually. The plan will be submitted to the judge and, if approved, Hoxworth will be required to…arrow_forward
- Put the sections of Cornell notes in the order of completion.arrow_forwardagree or disagree with the post Hi Class! Egyptian dates are much sweeter! Due largely to their climate and geography, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Iran produce more dates than either the US or Canada. Dates grow best in hot dry climates with long dry growing seasons, which these nations naturally offer. They also produce a lot of dates because of their extensive agricultural, infrastructure, and centuries-old date-growing expertise. Conversely, the U.S., there aren't many places in Canada and California that are suitable for date farming, only a select few, like the Coachella Valley, in California can produce dates on a large scale. Although California produces some dates, it is not as much as countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Depending only on U.S., because of increased labor and production costs, dates grown in this way may have a limited supply and raise prices. We can obtain a greater supply of dates at competitive prices while maintaining consistent quality by…arrow_forwardIn 1932 babe Ruth made $75,000. How much is that in todays dollars please give the right answer step by steparrow_forward
- Evaluate machine XYZ when MARR is 12% per year. Pertinent data are as follows: Machine XYZ Investment cost Expected life Market (salvage) value Annual revenue Annual expenses $10,000 5 years $1,000 $8,000 $4,000 How much is the excess of the cash flow using the Annual Worth Method? Blank 1 Calculate the External Rate of Return. Blank 2 Compute the payback period of the investment. Blank 3 Would you recommend this investment? Explain briefly. Blank 4arrow_forwardPlease make sure to answer each step and show work. Thank you!arrow_forwardPlease make sure to answer each step and show work. Thank you!arrow_forward
- Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781337617383Author:Roger A. ArnoldPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Economics Today and Tomorrow, Student EditionEconomicsISBN:9780078747663Author:McGraw-HillPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoExploring EconomicsEconomicsISBN:9781544336329Author:Robert L. SextonPublisher:SAGE Publications, Inc





