Chapter 25, Problem 1CC

Complete this map, which presents the three main topics of this chapter.

Summary Introduction

To complete: The given map representing the three main topics of this chapter.

Concept introduction: The processes such as thermoregulation and Osmoregulation are very essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the body.

The change in constant internal body temperature can impair the activity of enzymes and therefore, can result in death. The disturbance in osmolarity can have similar effects.

Answer to Problem 1CC

Pictorial representation: Fig.1 shows the completed map representing the three main topics of this chapter.

Fig.1: Three main topics of the chapter.

Explanation of Solution

(a)

Correct answer: Thermoregulation

Explanation: Thermoregulation is a homeostatic mechanism in animals that maintains the constant internal body temperature regardless of external temperature fluctuations. Hence the correct answer is thermoregulation.

(b)

Correct answer: Ectotherm

Explanation: Ectotherms are those animals that can regulate their body temperatures by gaining heat from surroundings. Hence, the correct answer is ectotherm.

(c)

Correct answer: Behavioral

Explanation: Ectotherm maintains constant body temperatures by behavioral responses such as huddling, migration and sun bathing. Hence, the correct answer is behavioral response.

(d)

Correct answer: Water

Explanation: The Osmoregulation is a process by which an organism maintains balance of water in the body. Hence, the correct answer is water.

(e)

Correct answer: Solutes

Explanation: The Osmoregulation is a process by which an organism maintains balance of solutes in the body. Hence, the correct answer is solutes.

(f)

Correct answer: Filtration

Explanation: It is one of the four processes by which the kidneys produce urine.  In this process, the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries drives the filtration of blood. Hence, the correct answer is filtration.

(g)

Correct answer: Reabsorption

Explanation: It is one of the four processes by which the kidneys produce urine. In this process, the essential nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, salts and water are reabsorbed into the blood. Hence the correct answer is reabsorption.

(h)

Correct answer: Secretion

Explanation: It is one of the four processes by which the kidneys produce urine. In this process, the extra ions, drugs and other harmful substances are secreted into the renal tubules and are excreted out of the body. This process takes place in the distal convoluted tubules. Hence, the correct answer is secretion.

(i)

Correct answer: Excretion

Explanation: It is the last process in the urine production. In this process, the harmful waste substances are eliminated from the kidneys in the form of urine. Hence, the correct answer is excretion.

(j)

Correct answer: Ammonia

Explanation: Ammonia is one of the form in which nitrogenous waste can be eliminated. The excretion of nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia generally occurs in aquatic organisms. Hence the correct answer is ammonia.

(k)

Correct answer: Urea

Explanation: Urea is one of the form in which nitrogenous waste can be eliminated. Many mammals including humans, amphibians and some bony fishes excrete urea. Hence the correct answer is urea.

(l)

Correct answer: Uric acid

Explanation: Uric acid is one of the form in which nitrogenous waste can be eliminated. Many birds, some reptile and some insect excrete uric acid. Hence the correct answer is uric acid.

(m)

Correct answer: Water

Explanation: The form in which the nitrogenous waste is to be excreted depends on the environment, which can be water. Hence the correct answer is water.

(n)

Correct answer: Land

Explanation: The form in which the nitrogenous waste is to be excreted depends on the environment, which can be land. Hence the correct answer is land.