Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanistic arrows for resonance structures on adenine residue for proton transfer during peptide bond formation are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
舧 Amino acids are organic compounds containing
舧 A nucleoside consists of a nucleobase (also termed as nitrogenous base) and a five-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose).
舧 A
舧 In a nucleoside, the anomeric carbon is linked through a glycosidic bond to the N9 of a purine or N1 of a pyrimidine.
舧 Examples of nucleosides include cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine and thymidine.
舧 Sugar (ribose/deoxyribose) and nitrogenous bases are linked through N-glycosidic bonds.
舧 These glycosidic bonds are formed by condensation reaction of first carbon of sugar molecule with the nitrogen atom
舧 This particular glycosidic bond is stable in basic solutions, but readily hydrolyzes in the presence of acids.
舧 DNA is the genetic material in human beings and most of the biological systems. The proportion of DNA is constant in all diploid human cells. However, gamete cells are haploid and are composed of half of the amount of DNA present in diploid cells.
舧 DNA exists in the form of a double-stranded helix in which complementary bases are present opposite to each other and form base pairs.
舧 In most common form of DNA, that is, B-DNA,
舧 Cytosine and uracil are pyrimidines present in
舧 During translation, a peptide bond is formed between amino group of one amino acid and carboxyl group of and other amino acid. Ribosomes are composed of rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), which consists of ribonucleotides linked together by phosphodiester bonds. Nitrogen 3 of adenine of rRNA is involved in proton transfer, which is resonance stabilized by the adjacent ribosomal residues.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 25 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (LL) W/WILEYPLUS NEXT
- Don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardIt is not unexpected that the methoxyl substituent on a cyclohexane ring prefers to adopt the equatorial conformation. OMe H A G₂ = +0.6 kcal/mol OMe What is unexpected is that the closely related 2-methoxytetrahydropyran prefers the axial conformation: H H OMe OMe A Gp=-0.6 kcal/mol Methoxy: CH3O group Please be specific and clearly write the reason why this is observed. This effect that provides stabilization of the axial OCH 3 group in this molecule is called the anomeric effect. [Recall in the way of example, the staggered conformer of ethane is more stable than eclipsed owing to bonding MO interacting with anti-bonding MO...]arrow_forward206 Pb 82 Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma. ▸ View Available Hint(s) VAΣ ΜΕ ΑΣΦ Np, N₁ = 82,126 Submit Previous Answers ? protons, neutronsarrow_forward
- Please draw the inverted chair forms of the products for the two equilibrium reactions shown below. Circle the equilibrium reaction that would have a AG = 0, i.e., the relative energy of the reactant (to the left of the equilibrium arrows) equals the relative energy of the product? [No requirement to show or do calculations.] CH3 CH3 HH CH3 1 -CH3arrow_forward5. Please consider the Newman projection of tartaric acid drawn below as an eclipsed conformer (1). Please draw the most stable conformer and two intermediate energy conformers noting that staggered conformers are lower in energy than eclipsed forms even if the staggered conformers have gauche relationships between groups. [Draw the substituents H and OH on the front carbons and H, OH and CO₂H on the back carbons based on staggered forms. -CO₂H is larger than -OH.] OH COH ICOOH COOH COOH 1 2 COOH COOH 3 4 Staggered Staggered Staggered (most stable) Indicate the number of each conformer above (1, 2, 3 and 4) that corresponds to the relative energies below. Ref=0 Rotation 6. (60 points) a. Are compounds 1 and 2 below enantiomers, diastereomers or identical? OH OH HO HO LOH HO HO OH 2 OH OH b. Please complete the zig-zag conformation of the compound (3R,4S)-3,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane by writing the respective atoms in the boxes. 3.arrow_forwardThe plutonium isotope with 144 neutrons Enter the chemical symbol of the isotope.arrow_forward
- The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1.21:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 26.1 gg of sodium upon decomposition. How much fluorine was formed?arrow_forward32S 16 Enter your answers numerically separated by a comma. Np. Nn = 跖 ΟΙ ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer ? protons, neutronsarrow_forward2. Which dimethylcyclohexane compounds shown below exhibit symmetry and therefore are not chiral and would not rotate plane polarized light. 1 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 2 3 CH3arrow_forward
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning