To answer: The process that would yield more product from the same sized vats over the same amount of time: batch production or continuous flow production and why. Introduction: Batch culture is also called as a closed culture in which limited substrate is added to the growth of organism inside the fermenter. While continuous culture is also called as an open culture, in which substrates are continuously supplied for the growth of microorganisms.

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Definition Definition Phase during which the number of bacteria cell deaths gradually equals the number of viable or actively dividing cells due to decreased reproduction rate. Microbes utilize all nutrients present in the growth medium to multiply during the growth of the bacterial population, which results in the deposition of waste matter, toxins, and inhibitory compounds in the media. This changes media conditions, such as temperature and pH, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth. Here, the growth rate becomes stabilized.

Chapter 25, Problem 11CT

Summary Introduction

To answer:

The process that would yield more product from the same sized vats over the same amount of time: batch production or continuous flow production and why.

Introduction:

Batch culture is also called as a closed culture in which limited substrate is added to the growth of organism inside the fermenter. While continuous culture is also called as an open culture, in which substrates are continuously supplied for the growth of microorganisms.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Phase during which the number of bacteria cell deaths gradually equals the number of viable or actively dividing cells due to decreased reproduction rate. Microbes utilize all nutrients present in the growth medium to multiply during the growth of the bacterial population, which results in the deposition of waste matter, toxins, and inhibitory compounds in the media. This changes media conditions, such as temperature and pH, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth. Here, the growth rate becomes stabilized.

Chapter 25, Problem 11CT

Summary Introduction

To answer:

The process that would yield more product from the same sized vats over the same amount of time: batch production or continuous flow production and why.

Introduction:

Batch culture is also called as a closed culture in which limited substrate is added to the growth of organism inside the fermenter. While continuous culture is also called as an open culture, in which substrates are continuously supplied for the growth of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Phase during which the number of bacteria cell deaths gradually equals the number of viable or actively dividing cells due to decreased reproduction rate. Microbes utilize all nutrients present in the growth medium to multiply during the growth of the bacterial population, which results in the deposition of waste matter, toxins, and inhibitory compounds in the media. This changes media conditions, such as temperature and pH, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth. Here, the growth rate becomes stabilized.

Chapter 25, Problem 11CT

Summary Introduction

To answer:

The process that would yield more product from the same sized vats over the same amount of time: batch production or continuous flow production and why.

Introduction:

Batch culture is also called as a closed culture in which limited substrate is added to the growth of organism inside the fermenter. While continuous culture is also called as an open culture, in which substrates are continuously supplied for the growth of microorganisms.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Phase during which the number of bacteria cell deaths gradually equals the number of viable or actively dividing cells due to decreased reproduction rate. Microbes utilize all nutrients present in the growth medium to multiply during the growth of the bacterial population, which results in the deposition of waste matter, toxins, and inhibitory compounds in the media. This changes media conditions, such as temperature and pH, creating an unfavorable environment for bacterial growth. Here, the growth rate becomes stabilized.

Chapter 25, Problem 11CT

Summary Introduction