(a)
Interpretation:
The type of semiconductor formed when silicon combine with the given set of elements has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Semiconductors are substances that conduct electricity either by addition of an impurity or by the effects of temperature on it. Semiconductors electrically conductivity lies between conductor and insulator. Semiconductors have small energy gap between valence band and conduction band.
Addition of impurity to a semiconductor is termed as doping. Doping alters the conductivity of a semiconductor. The addition of an element having either more or less number of valence electrons than the natural semiconductor decides the combination as the following two types of semiconductor.
- n- type semiconductor: (conduction is due to movement of extra electrons)
The element added will have more valence electron than the natural semiconductor. Therefore, the extra electron from the added element resides in conduction band and increase the conductivity.
Example: Silicon (natural semiconductor) and Phosphorus
- p-type semiconductor: (conduction is due to movement of holes)
The element added will have less valence electron than the natural semiconductor. Here, instead of extra electron, there will be “holes” at the places, where a semiconductor is replaced by added element. A p-type semiconductor increases conductivity because the holes (effective positive charge; lies at valence band) move through the natural semiconductor rather than electrons.
Example: Silicon (natural semiconductor) and Gallium
(b)
Interpretation:
The type of semiconductor formed when silicon combine with the given set of elements has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Semiconductors are substances that conduct electricity either by addition of an impurity or by the effects of temperature on it. Semiconductors electrically conductivity lies between conductor and insulator. Semiconductors have small energy gap between valence band and conduction band.
Addition of impurity to a semiconductor is termed as doping. Doping alters the conductivity of a semiconductor. The addition of an element having either more or less number of valence electrons than the natural semiconductor decides the combination as the following two types of semiconductor.
- n- type semiconductor: (conduction is due to movement of extra electrons)
The element added will have more valence electron than the natural semiconductor. Therefore, the extra electron from the added element resides in conduction band and increase the conductivity.
Example: Silicon (natural semiconductor) and Phosphorus
- p-type semiconductor: (conduction is due to movement of holes)
The element added will have less valence electron than the natural semiconductor. Here, instead of extra electron, there will be “holes” at the places, where a semiconductor is replaced by added element. A p-type semiconductor increases conductivity because the holes (effective positive charge; lies at valence band) move through the natural semiconductor rather than electrons.
Example: Silicon (natural semiconductor) and Gallium
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- + C8H16O2 (Fatty acid) + 11 02 → 8 CO2 a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? H2o CO₂ c. Which reactant is the electron donor? Futty acid d. Which reactant is the electron acceptor? e. Which of the product is now reduced? f. Which of the products is now oxidized? 02 #20 102 8 H₂O g. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? 2 h. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?arrow_forward→ Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + 1FAD + 1ADP 2CO2 + CoA + 3NADH + 1FADH2 + 1ATP a. Which of the above are the reactants? b. Which of the above are the products? c. Which reactant is the electron donor? d. Which reactants are the electron acceptors? e. Which of the products are now reduced? f. Which product is now oxidized? g. Which process was used to produce the ATP? h. Where was the energy initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? i. Where was the carbon initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished? j. Where were the electrons initially in this chemical reaction and where is it now that it is finished?arrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. OCH 3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) Br (Choose one) Explanation Check NO2 (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Aarrow_forward
- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
- Assign R or S to all the chiral centers in each compound drawn below porat bg 9 Br Brarrow_forwarddescrive the energy levels of an atom and howan electron moces between themarrow_forwardRank each set of substituents using the Cahn-Ingold-Perlog sequence rules (priority) by numbering the highest priority substituent 1.arrow_forward
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