The synthesize of DL-leucine, DL-alanine, and DL-phenylalanine from potassium phthalimide and diethyl αa-bromomalonate. Concept Introduction: > Amino acids are synthesized by plants and animals. There are some amino acids which are not synthesized by the higher animals. These amino acids are then taken up by the animals from various other sources. > There are two types of amino acid-syntheses, which are, from potassium phthalimide, and the Strecker synthesis. The potassium phthalimide type of synthesis uses diethyl αa-bromomalonate and S N 2 reactions, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation occur in it. > The potassium phthalimide method is a modification of the Gabriel synthesis of amines . This method uses potassium phthalimide and diethyl a-bromomalonate to prepare an imido malonic ester. > Decarboxylation reaction is the reaction in which there is loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide from a compound. > The reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide produces an αa-aminonitrile, which on hydrolysis, gives amino acid. This synthetic strategy is called the Strecker synthesis.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24, Problem 3PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesize of DL-leucine, DL-alanine, and DL-phenylalanine from potassium phthalimide and diethyl αa-bromomalonate.

Concept Introduction:
>
Amino acids are synthesized by plants and animals. There are some amino acids which are not synthesized by the higher animals. These amino acids are then taken up by the animals from various other sources.
>
There are two types of amino acid-syntheses, which are, from potassium phthalimide, and the Strecker synthesis. The potassium phthalimide type of synthesis uses diethyl αa-bromomalonate and S_N2 reactions, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation occur in it.
>
The potassium phthalimide method is a modification of the Gabriel synthesis of amines. This method uses potassium phthalimide and diethyl a-bromomalonate to prepare an imido malonic ester.
>
Decarboxylation reaction is the reaction in which there is loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide from a compound.
>
The reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide produces an αa-aminonitrile, which on hydrolysis, gives amino acid. This synthetic strategy is called the Strecker synthesis.

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McLafferty Rearrangement: Label alpha (), beta (), and gamma () on the molecule. Draw mechanismarrows to describe the process of the rearrangement. What functional group is lost during the rearrangement? What new functional group is made from the ketone/aldehyde you started with? What stabilizing chemical theory causes (allows) rearrangement to happen?

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24, Problem 3PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesize of DL-leucine, DL-alanine, and DL-phenylalanine from potassium phthalimide and diethyl αa-bromomalonate.

Concept Introduction:
>
Amino acids are synthesized by plants and animals. There are some amino acids which are not synthesized by the higher animals. These amino acids are then taken up by the animals from various other sources.
>
There are two types of amino acid-syntheses, which are, from potassium phthalimide, and the Strecker synthesis. The potassium phthalimide type of synthesis uses diethyl αa-bromomalonate and S_N2 reactions, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation occur in it.
>
The potassium phthalimide method is a modification of the Gabriel synthesis of amines. This method uses potassium phthalimide and diethyl a-bromomalonate to prepare an imido malonic ester.
>
Decarboxylation reaction is the reaction in which there is loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide from a compound.
>
The reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide produces an αa-aminonitrile, which on hydrolysis, gives amino acid. This synthetic strategy is called the Strecker synthesis.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24, Problem 3PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesize of DL-leucine, DL-alanine, and DL-phenylalanine from potassium phthalimide and diethyl αa-bromomalonate.

Concept Introduction:
>
Amino acids are synthesized by plants and animals. There are some amino acids which are not synthesized by the higher animals. These amino acids are then taken up by the animals from various other sources.
>
There are two types of amino acid-syntheses, which are, from potassium phthalimide, and the Strecker synthesis. The potassium phthalimide type of synthesis uses diethyl αa-bromomalonate and S_N2 reactions, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation occur in it.
>
The potassium phthalimide method is a modification of the Gabriel synthesis of amines. This method uses potassium phthalimide and diethyl a-bromomalonate to prepare an imido malonic ester.
>
Decarboxylation reaction is the reaction in which there is loss of a molecule of carbon dioxide from a compound.
>
The reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia and hydrogen cyanide produces an αa-aminonitrile, which on hydrolysis, gives amino acid. This synthetic strategy is called the Strecker synthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24, Problem 3PP

Interpretation Introduction