How the Tm of DNA decreases with increasing [Na + ]. Concept introduction: Melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature at which half of the DNA melts or denatures due to a break in the hydrogen bond that holds the two strands together. Melting temperature of a DNA duplex highly depends on two factors such as the ionic strength of the solution and the guanine-cytosine content of the DNA helix. Both factors are directly proportional to the melting temperature, that is, an increase in the ionic strength and G-C content will increase the melting temperature, and vice versa. However, extreme high concentration of ions destabilizes the DNA structure and thereby decreases the melting temperature.

Question

Pyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvatedehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide a full mechanismfor this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.

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Question

Chapter 24, Problem 34CQ

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the Tm of DNA decreases with increasing [Na⁺].

Concept introduction: Melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature at which half of the DNA melts or denatures due to a break in the hydrogen bond that holds the two strands together. Melting temperature of a DNA duplex highly depends on two factors such as the ionic strength of the solution and the guanine-cytosine content of the DNA helix. Both factors are directly proportional to the melting temperature, that is, an increase in the ionic strength and G-C content will increase the melting temperature, and vice versa. However, extreme high concentration of ions destabilizes the DNA structure and thereby decreases the melting temperature.

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