Concept explainers
Sustainable Use of Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crab blood clots immediately upon exposure to bacterial toxins, so it can be used to test injectable drugs for the presence of dangerous bacteria. To keep horseshoe crab populations stable, blood is extracted from captured animals, which are then returned to the wild. Concerns about the survival of animals after bleeding led researchers to do an experiment. They compared survival of animals captured and maintained in a tank with that of animals captured, bled, and kept in a similar tank. FIGURE 24.28 shows the results.
FIGURE 24.28 Mortality of young male horseshoe crabs kept in tanks during the 2 weeks after their capture. Half the animals were bled on the day of their capture. Control animals were handled, but not bled. This procedure was repeated 8 times with different sets of horseshoe crabs.
Looking at the overall results, how did the mortality of the two groups differ?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 24 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
- simple explain plzarrow_forwardmussel defenses induced by the presence of crabs? Hypothesis: Mussels increase investment in defense in the presence of crabs Null hypothesis: Mussels do not increase investment in defense in the presence of crabs Experimental setup: Seawater No crab Crab (fed fish, not mussels) Mussels Mussels Prediction: Mussels downstream of the crab tank will have thicker shells than mussels downstream of the empty tank. Prediction of null hypothesis: Mussels in the two tanks will have shells of equal thickness Results: 0.6- 0.4- 0.2 00 No crab Crab What conclusion can you draw from the figure above? Without direct contact, mussels can sense the presence of crabs. O Mussels can sense the presence of crabs only visually. O Mussels are increasing their shell thickness in response to water current. Shell thickness is a non-inducible defense. O Crabs hunt for mussels by focusing on the chemicals they emit into the water. Shell thickness lmm)arrow_forwardWhale questions: 1) Why do you think that blue whales have shorter dive durations than predicted from both the allometry of body size and the dive durations of similar baleen whales? 2) Blue whales registered their maximum heart rate when they were at the surface, supposedly resting from their strenuous dive and feeding activity. What do you suppose is going on inside their bodies to make the heart beat so fast? 3) What is an allometrically determined heart rate? Was it accurate for the blue whale? If so, when and why? 4) Figure 2 presents relative lung volume data for the various dives. How did they measure lung volume? Do you think it is an important measurement for this study?arrow_forward
- ACTIVITY 2: LIMITING FACTORS Read each situation in the table below, state if it is a density-independent limiting factor or a density-dependent limiting factor. Indicate the specific limiting factor that is occurring. Number one is done for you. Situation Limiting Density - independent or Density - dependent Density-dependent Factor 1. African Swine Fever (ASF) is a fatal animal disease affecting pigs and wild boars with up to 100% case fatality rate. It is believed that the feeding of Swine Fever contaminated feed and food waste which are being used to supplement feed is one of the leading cause of infection. Affected provinces Pampanga, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Cavite (Caloocan, Malabon and Quezon Cities). Disease causing African Factor include Rizal, Bulacan, Provinces and Metro Manila | 2. Aquatic microorganisms causing the paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), or red tide toxins were detected in the waters off Pangasinan and Pampanga. Conditions like warm sea surface temperatures and…arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Many city-dwellers have noted that the density of cockroaches in apartment kitchens appears to vary with the habits of the occupants: people who wrap food carefully and clean their kitchen frequently tend to have fewer arthropod roommates than those who leave food on kitchen counters and clean less often. Interpret these observations from the viewpoint of a population ecologist.arrow_forwardThe Case of the Sexually Arrested Orangutans Name Part I- A Call from Anne It was late in the work day and I was rushing around trying to get some new chimps settled in their habitat when the phone rang. "Hi Lisa, it's Anne and I've got a favor to ask. I know you have some captive male orangutans at the National Zoo and I'm hoping you'll help me collect some growth, development, and behavior data on these animals. I've enlisted the cooperation of curators at other zoos in the U.S. to help me assemble this database on juvenile male orangutan development. "As you may know," Anne continued, “when juvenile males are housed together, some begin to develop the characteristic secondary sex characteristics at age four, resulting in the massive body size, large cheek flanges and laryngeal sac, while others stay juvenile looking but grow to nearly adult size. I thỉnk the difference in development might be due to variation in the effects of captive stress, mostly from the presence of other adult…arrow_forward
- Consider the effects of the same climate change scenario (+3°C) for a small frog with high cutaneous resistance, Litoria bicolor and cane toads Rhinella marina . The characteristics of the 3 species are show in the table below. The main differences among these 3 spreadsheets are the body masses and cutaneous resistances. Another difference is that, unlike Litoria caerulea, the other two species are assumed to be outside during the day rather than in a tree hollow. The wind speed inside a hollow is very low, and the humidity is higher. But the air temperatures are the same for all 3 models. Under the climate change scenario, were these 2 species exposed to lethal conditions for either water loss or body temperature? Species Mass (g) Cutaneous resistance (s/cm) Critical Thermal Maximum Temperature (°C) Litoria caerulea 50 14 37.5 Litoria bicolor 1 63 41.0 Rhinella marina 1, 50 or 500 1.7 37.5arrow_forward2:11 ← AP_5069_L04_DiffusionAndOsmosis (1).docx A If you've got a name, you've got a logo. Adobe Students save over 60% on Adobe Creative Cloud. Learn more JB BATES PAGE 5/... A Post-Lab Questions 1. Why is it necessary to have positive and negative controls in this experiment? ON 5G 2. Draw a diagram of the experimental setup. Use arrows to depict the movement of each substance in the dialysis bag and the beaker. Which substance(s) crossed the dialysis membrane? Support your response with data- based evidence. raarrow_forwardPlease help ASAP with all the partsarrow_forward
- In the Introduction, the authors set the stage for their experiment. What ecological issues were facing Yellowstone National Park when wolves were no longer there, and how were the researchers going to test the questions they wanted to ask? In 4 – 6 sentences, summarize the Methods section of this paper. One of the questions the researchers asked when they began their experiment was “With wolves now back on the Yellowstone landscape for 15 years, how has the reintroduction of wolves affected the recruitment of the woody browse species?” Use data from the Ripple and Beschta paper to support your answer. In any scientific paper, the Discussion is often the most hard-hitting, and where researchers elaborate and explain their results in the context of their experiment and the real world. Explain why when researchers tried culling some of the elk herd it did not have trophic effects, while reintroducing wolves did have trophic effects. Describe the multiple impacts of wolf…arrow_forwardNeed help Multiple choice Fewer than 3% of animals engage in direct care of their offspring. When might the benefits of parental care outweigh the costs? Choose the correct option and Explain why you choose that answer. a) All of the options. b) Species that feed on resources with high foraging effort (e.g., smaller insect prey versus larger insect prey). c) Species with highly immature young, for instance those with large brains that have long learning periods. d) Species with limited breeding opportunities.arrow_forward. In the summer of 2000, only 10 percent of the lobster population in Long Island Sound survived after a massive die-off. Many lobstermen in New York and Connecticut lost small businesses that their families had owned for generations. Some believe the die-off followed heavier sprays of pesticides to control mosquitoes that carry the West Nile virus. Explain why a chemical substance that targets mosquitoes might also harm lobsters but not fish.arrow_forward
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning