More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair. Concept Introduction: Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity. Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus. For a stable atoms having low atomic number , n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1. For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons. When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability. General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below, If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers. If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles. All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

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Part V. Label ad match the carbons in compounds Jane and Diane w/ the corresponding peak no. in the Spectra (Note: use the given peak no. To label the carbons, other peak no are intentionally omitted) 7 4 2 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.10 -0.08 8 CI Jane 1 -0.09 5 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 -8 90 f1 (ppm) 11 8 172.4 172.0 f1 (ppr HO CI NH Diane 7 3 11 80 80 -80 -R 70 60 60 2 5 -8 50 40 8. 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 -0 80 70 20 f1 (ppm) 15 30 -20 20 -60 60 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 10 -0.17 16 15 56 16 -0.16 -0.15 -0.14 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.10 -0.09 -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 17.8 17.6 17.4 17.2 17.0 f1 (ppm) -0.03 -0.02 550 106 40 30 20 20 -0.01 -0.00 F-0.01 10 0

Consider the reaction of 2-methylpropane with a halogen. With which halogen will the product be almost exclusively 2-halo-2-methylpropane? 1. F2 2. Cl2 3. Br2 4. I2

None

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

More stable nuclide has to be identified among the given pair.

Concept Introduction:

Nuclear stability means that the nucleus is stable meaning that it does not spontaneously emit any kind of radioactivity.

Nuclear stability can be explained based on neutron to proton ratio (N/Z) in the nucleus.

For a stable atoms having low atomic number, n/p ratio is close to 1. When atomic number increases N/Z becomes greater than 1.

For a stable nucleus N/Z ratio is one and which lies in the belt of stability of graph of number of protons to number neutrons.

When an isotope is above the belt of stability, N/Z ratio is high and there exists a beta emission to decrease the stability.

General rules for predicting the nuclear stability is given below,

If the nucleus contains 2, 8,20,50,82 or 126 protons or neutrons, then they are generally considered as stable than the nuclei that do not possess these numbers.

If the nuclei has even number of both protons and neutrons, then they are considered as stable as those with odd number of these particles.

All isotopes of elements with atomic number higher than 83 are radioactive.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1AFP Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1BFP Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.2AFP Ch. 24.1 - Why is stable but unstable? Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.3AFP Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.3BFP Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.4AFP Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.4BFP Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.5AFP Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.5BFP

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