Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined. Concept introduction: Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi .

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

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An allosteric enzyme that follows the concerted model has an allosteric coefficient (T/R) of 300 in the absence of substrate. Suppose that a mutation reversed the ratio. Select the effects this mutation will have on the relationship between the rate of the reaction (V) and substrate concentration, [S]. ㅁㅁㅁ The enzyme would likely follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The plot of V versus [S] would be sigmoidal. The enzyme would mostly be in the T form. The plot of V versus [S] would be hyperbolic. The enzyme would be more active.

Penicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penicillinase (also known as ẞ-lactamase), an enzyme present in some penicillin-resistant bacteria. The mass of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kDa. The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in a 10.0 mL. solution containing 1.00 x 10 g of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. Plots of V versus [S] and 1/V versus 1/[S] for these data are shown. Vo (* 10 M minute"¹) 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 20 1.0 0.0 о 10 20 30 1/Vo (* 10 M1 minute) 20 103 90 BO 70 50 [S] (* 100 M) 40 50 60 y=762x+1.46 × 10" [Penicillin] (M) Amount hydrolyzed (uM) 1 0.11 3 0.25 5 0.34 10 0.45 30 0.58 50 0.61

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Enzymes that are required in nitrogen fixation should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nitrogen fixation is the process by which the molecular nitrogen of the atmosphere is converted into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds. Atmospheric nitrogen is unreactive and metabolically useless, so to make it useful, microorganisms convert it into useful nitrogenous compounds. Nitrogen fixation occurs between the termite and fungi.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (a), Nitrogenase, and option (c), Reductase are the correct answer.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (a) is nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the metalloenzyme that is involved in the conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia during the nitrogen fixation process. Hence, this option is correct.

Option (c) is reductase. In the nitrogen fixation process, the nitrate reductase enzyme is used to reduce nitrate into nitrite. This reaction is the nitrate assimilation process and the rate-limiting step in nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is correct.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (b) is glutamine synthetase. Glutamine synthetase is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of glutamine. During this process,the amide bond is formed between the ammonia and glutamate. This enzyme is mostly found in liver, kidney, and brain cells, and has no relation with nitrogen fixation. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glutamate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is involved in the interconversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. It is mostly found in liver, brain, pancreas, and kidney cells.

Answer 13

Ch. 24 - Prob. 1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 2P Ch. 24 - Prob. 3P Ch. 24 - Prob. 4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 6P Ch. 24 - Prob. 7P Ch. 24 - Prob. 8P Ch. 24 - Prob. 9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 10P

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 24 Solutions