Chapter 2.4, Problem 1CYP

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The organic molecules are considered as the molecules of life.

Introduction:

Chemistry is the branch of science which studies the matter, interaction forces and the ways in which matter changes its state. There are three parts of chemistry organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry.

Organic chemistry deals with carbon and its compounds. Life is based on carbon or we can say that carbon is the backbone of the organic molecules which forms life.

The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration (E.C) is

$\begin{array}{c}C=6\\ E.C=1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^2\\ E.C=\begin{array}{ccccc}1s& 2s& 2p_x& 2p_y& 2p_z\\ \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow \downarrow & \uparrow & \uparrow & -\end{array}\end{array}$

According to the octet rule, carbon has to attain a noble gas configuration of Neon (Ne) which is 8. So, to complete its outer shell electrons, carbon has to gain 4 electrons, lose 4 electrons or share electrons. Hence, to complete its octet, carbon only shares electrons and forms covalent bonds.