Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 11PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The present human population is not considered as different species under the phylogenetic, biological, and morphospecies concepts.
Introduction:
The ability of the human population to interbreed among themselves successfully originates from a common ancestor and the presence of the similar anatomical structure make them nondifferentiable under the biological, phylogenetic, and morphospecies concepts.
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Imagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem)
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Imagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem)
Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor).
HINT = use Eqn 7.1, several times- first to estimate mutation rate. Then to estimate the unknown time since divergence
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 24 - 1. What distinguishes a morphospecies?
a. It has...Ch. 24 - 2. Which of the following describes vicariance?
a....Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 24 - 6. Sexual selection favors individuals with traits...Ch. 24 - 7. QUANTITATIVE If one species (2n = 10) crosses...Ch. 24 - Prob. 10TYPSSCh. 24 - Prob. 11PIATCh. 24 - 12. Before the application of DNA sequencing to...Ch. 24 - Svante Pääbo and colleagues sequenced the...
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- Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) Species A has 100,000 diploid individuals. How many new mutations arise per basepair per generation in species A? b) What is the gene’s neutral mutation rate per basepair per generation? c) What is the expected rate of fixation of neutral mutations in the gene? d) How many neutral substitution do you expect to observe if you compared the gene between species A and C?arrow_forwardSpecies A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)). Species A and C diverged 10,000,000 generations ago, and species B and C diverged 100,000 generations ago. All three species are diploids. The mutation rate in their genomes is 1×10−9 mutations per basepair per generation. A gene found in all three species is 1,000 bp long. 75% of mutations in the gene are deleterious and 0% are beneficial. Use this information to answer the following questions. a) If there are 20 polymorphic synonymous sites in the gene in species A, how many non-synonymous sites do you expect to be polymorphic? Assume all synonymous changes are neutral. b) In species B, there are an average of two pairwise differences between individuals within the gene. What is the effective population size of species B? c) What do you expect FST to be between species B and C? Assume no migration between the species after they diverged.arrow_forwardNeed help what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is possible for gorillas and humans to share a genetic trait (such as a retroviral insertion) that chimpanzees do not share, if chimpanzees and humans are really each other's closest relatives. Given the lack of agreement between gene trees and species trees, how is it possible to reconstruct the true species tree?arrow_forward
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