EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
20th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494655
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG COURSE
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 3U
The principle of parsimony
a. helps evolutionary biologists distinguish among competing phylogenetic hypotheses.
b. does not require that the polarity of traits be determined.
c. is a way to avoid having to use outgroups in a phylogenetic analysis.
d. cannot be applied to molecular traits.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A good “phylogenetic” species is one that is
A. The smallest diagnosable cluster of organisms within which there is a pattern of ancestry and descent
B. The most inclusive population of individuals having the potential for phenotypic cohesion through intrinsic cohesion mechanisms.
C. Morphologically distinctive from other groups of organisms
D. An actually or potentially interbreeding group that is reproductively isolated from other such groups.
What consequences does horizontal gene transfer pose for evolutionary biologists?
a. It can pose difficulty in the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.
b. It can pose physiological problems in some organisms, making it very hard to study them.
c. It can pose difficulty in breeding between different individuals of the same species.
d. Because it is transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look very more similar than they actually are.
e. All of the above.
What problems does horizontal gene transfer cause for evolutionary biologists?
a. It can make the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees difficult because it can obscure phylogenetic relationships.
b. It can cause physiological problems in some organisms, making it hard to study them.
c. It can make breeding between different individuals of the same species difficult.
d. Because it is the transfer of genes between the same species, it can make individuals look more similar than they actually are.
e. All of the above.
Chapter 23 Solutions
EP CONNECT ONLINE ACCESS FOR BIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.2 - Demonstrate how a cladogram is constructed.Ch. 23.3 - Explain the taxonomic classification system.Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 23.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 23.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 23 - Construct a data matrix like the one in figure...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1IQCh. 23 - Prob. 2IQCh. 23 - Prob. 3IQCh. 23 - Prob. 4IQCh. 23 - Overall similarity of phenotypes may not always...Ch. 23 - a. is based on overall similarity of phenotypes....Ch. 23 - The principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary...Ch. 23 - Parsimony suggests that parental care in birds,...Ch. 23 - The forelimb of a bird and the forelimb of a...Ch. 23 - In order to determine polarity for different...Ch. 23 - In a paraphyletic group a. all species are more...Ch. 23 - A paraphyletic group includes a. an ancestor and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9UCh. 23 - A taxonomic group that contains species that have...Ch. 23 - Rapid rates of character change relative to the...Ch. 23 - Species recognized by the phylogenetic species...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1SCh. 23 - Identifying outgroups is a central component of...Ch. 23 - As noted in your reading, cladistics is a widely...Ch. 23 - Across many species of limpets, loss of larval...Ch. 23 - Birds, pterosaurs (a type of flying reptile that...Ch. 23 - AID:1825 | 10/04/2018 6. In what sense does the...
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- Which of the following most likely demonstrates that classification is the basis of evolutionary relatedness? A. Organisms that share similar characteristics are impliedly understood to have common ancestors, thus having an evolutionary relationship. B. Classification is to organize organisms into groups based on their differences and similarities and evolutionary history, so as evolution changes, classification will also change C. Classification based on evolutionary relatedness always infer that all organisms that evolved similarly shares the same history. D. Homologous structures among organisms depicts the same evolutionary history or paths.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are based on a. natural selection. b. genetic drift. c. homology. d. none of the above.arrow_forwardRapid rates of character change relative to the rate of speciation pose a problem for cladistics because a. the frequency with which distantly related species evolve the same derived character state may be high. b. evolutionary reversals may occur frequently. c. homoplasy will be common. d. All of the choices are correct.arrow_forward
- The presence or absence of a trait of interest in a lineage is said to be an uninformative character for a phylogenetic reconstruction when the number of changes for that trait - A. occurs only in the outgroup and in one ingroup species. B. is the same for any hypothetical tree. C. is always different for any hypothetical tree. D. occurs only in the outgroup but not in any ingroup species.arrow_forwardCladistic methods: a. have distinct criteria for recognizing genera versus species. b. rely equally on all traits that can be measured or observed. c. cannot be used below the level of the species (e.g., to identify races). d. classify organisms based on shared ancestry e. all of the above are correctarrow_forwardDerived characters are traits: A. that are more complicated than ancestral characters B. that characterize the last common ancestor of a particular collection of species. C. that have evolved after the last common ancestor of a particulan collection of species. D. that are less well suited to the environment than ancestral characters.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statement about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false? a.The new species may have traits that allow it to inhibit environments different from both parental species. b.The new species is always an intermediate of the two parental species c.The new species may have greater genetic diversity and greater trait diversity than the parental species. d.None of the above What are the two ways of looking into evolution in detail? a.Micro frequency change and ascent with modification b.Genotypic and phenotypic modification c.DNA frequency change and inheritance modification d.Allele frequency change and descent with modification Natural selection increases the frequencies of advantageous alleles and decreases deleterious alleles' frequencies. What are the three categories of natural selection depending on the favored traits? a.Directive, selective and native b.Indicative, normative and fixative c.Directional, stabilizing and…arrow_forwardA phylogenetic tree is different from a cladogram in that ... Group of answer choices A: it shows that all species are not related to a common ancestor, but each has a distinct archetype. B: it represents the time scale of evolution, including where extinct species fit in. C: it uses an outgroup to compare a small group of species that exhibit similar traits D: it is not based on genetic or morphological evidence.arrow_forwardA. Regarding modern Homo sapiens' origins, which of the following theories most closely matches this statement: one group of Homo erectus evolved into modern humans, and spread out of Africa, replacing other erectus populations along the way. a. African hybridization and replacement model b. Regional continuity model c. Replacement model d. H. antecessor origin theoryarrow_forward
- The theory of evolution is most accurately described as Group of answer choices A. Nn opinion that some scientists hold about how life originated on Earth. B. An overarching explanation, supported by much evidence, for how populations change over time and new species arise from ancestral species. C. One possible explanation, among several scientific alternatives, about how species have come into existence. D. An educated guess about how species originate. E. An idea about how acquired characteristics are passed on to subsequent generations.arrow_forwardParaphyletic groups... A. represent the most recent common ancestor and all of the descendants B. Are a potential consequence of secondary loss of a trait C. Are often created when attempting to build phylogenies for species that have undergone convergent evolution D. Are more likely when making trees using the biological species conceptarrow_forwardDoes the use of DNA sequences in the study of evolutionary relationships mean that other characteristics are unimportant in such studies? Discuss what other forms of evidence you may still want to use, along with when and why those other forms of evidence would be especially helpful.arrow_forward
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