![Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134060491/9780134060491_largeCoverImage.gif)
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134060491
Author: Paul G. Hewitt, John A. Suchocki, Leslie A. Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 35TAR
The decay of radioactive elements to stable elements can be used to “date” certain rocks and minerals. Going from dating oldest rocks to dating youngest rocks, rank the following radioactive elements: (a) carbon-14, (b) potassium-40, (c) uranium-238, (d) uranium-235.
Expert Solution & Answer
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Students have asked these similar questions
(20)The half-life of Carbon-14 is 5700 years. If a 16 gram sample is found in a rock layer known to be 42,000 years old, how much Carbon-14 did it start with?
Group of answer choices
1400 g
3700 g
3100 g
5300 g
2600 g
A fossil is found that contains 6.25% as much Radium-226 as fossils being formed today.
The half-life of Radium -226 is 1.60 x103 years. How old is the fossil?
Hint: How many half-lives did the Radium-226 go through for 6.25% to remain?
So, how many years have passed over 4 half lives?
SOME ISOTOPES USED FOR RADIOMETRIC DATING
Daughter
Isotope (D)
Half-Lives (T½)
Useful Dating Range
Parent
Isotope (P)
Materials Dated
Newly formed
crystal
Uranium-238
4.5 billion years Zircon
713 million years Zircon
Lead-206
ages > 10 m.y.
100
Uranium-235
Lead-207
ages > 10 m.y.
0000000o
o00000
15.9%
decayed to
daughter
Potassium-40 Argon-40
Biotite, muscovite,
whole volcanic rock
1.3 billion years
ages > 50,000 yr
Shells, limestone,
organic materials
ages 100-60,000 yr
Carbon-14
Nitrogen-14
5730 years
84.1
29.3%
decayed
70.7
Parent
Atoms (P)
000000000e
50%
decayed
RADIOACTIVE
DECAY
50.0
Daughter
Atoms (D)
25.0
75% decayed
87.5%
decayed
12.5
93.8%
decayed
96.9%
decayed
6.2
3.1
14
2
3
4
5
6
Half-Lives (T1) Elapsed
DECAY PARAMETERS FOR ALL RADIOACTIVE DECAY PAIRS
Percent of
Parent
Atoms (P)
Percent of
Daughter
Atoms (D)
Half-Lives
Elapsed
Age
0.000 x T
0.015 x T
0.031 x Ty
0.062 x Ty
0.125 x T
0.250 x T
0.500 x T2
1.000 x Ty2
100.0
0.0
98.9
1.1
1/64
97.9
2.1
1/32
95.8
4.2
1/16
91.7
8.3…
Chapter 23 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1RCQCh. 23 - What six principles are used in relative dating?...Ch. 23 - A granitic dike is found across a sandstone layer....Ch. 23 - Why dont all rock formations show a continuous...Ch. 23 - How are fossils used in determining geologic time?Ch. 23 - In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 23 - What is radioactive half-life?Ch. 23 - What are the half-lives of uranium-238,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11RCQCh. 23 - Which of the geologic time units spans the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 23 - What key developments in life occurred during...Ch. 23 - What evidence do we have of Precambrian life?Ch. 23 - The Paleozoic era experienced several fluctuations...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 23 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 23 - What life forms are associated with the Devonian...Ch. 23 - Why are internal nostrils in the lobe-finned...Ch. 23 - Why do many geologists consider the lobe-finned...Ch. 23 - During what time period were most coal deposits...Ch. 23 - In what area of the United States do we find rich...Ch. 23 - What group evolved from the amphibians with the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 25RCQCh. 23 - What is the most likely cause of the Cretaceous...Ch. 23 - What effect did the breakup of Pangaea have on sea...Ch. 23 - How is the element iridium related to the time of...Ch. 23 - Which epochs make up the Tertiary period? The...Ch. 23 - What important life forms evolved during the...Ch. 23 - Refer to the accompanying figure. Using the...Ch. 23 - On a cross section, a dark wavy line is used to...Ch. 23 - If fine muds were laid down at a rate of 1 cm/1000...Ch. 23 - With the formation of Pangaea, disconnected...Ch. 23 - The decay of radioactive elements to stable...Ch. 23 - Going from oldest to youngest, rank these life...Ch. 23 - The geologic time scale is subdivided into eons,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 38TARCh. 23 - Throughout geologic time there have been several...Ch. 23 - Throughout geologic time there have been many...Ch. 23 - The Cenozoic is known for many tectonic events. In...Ch. 23 - Each period of the Paleozoic saw marked changes in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 43TARCh. 23 - If a sedimentary rock contains inclusions of...Ch. 23 - Granitic pebbles within a sedimentary rock have a...Ch. 23 - Two isolated rock outcrops share a few similar...Ch. 23 - Suppose that in an undeformed sequence of rocks,...Ch. 23 - In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the...Ch. 23 - What is the difference between a nonconformity and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 50ECh. 23 - What general assumption must be made to understand...Ch. 23 - Suppose you see a sequence of sedimentary rock...Ch. 23 - In dating a mineral, what is meant by resetting...Ch. 23 - A radiometric date is determined from mica that...Ch. 23 - If we divide a number by 2, and then divide the...Ch. 23 - Which isotopes are most appropriate for dating...Ch. 23 - Has the amount of uranium in Earth increased over...Ch. 23 - Before the discovery of radioactivity, how did...Ch. 23 - In the geologic time scale, which time division...Ch. 23 - What is the basis for the division of the geologic...Ch. 23 - What factors are believed to have contributed to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 62ECh. 23 - Prob. 63ECh. 23 - How did the Precambrian atmosphere become...Ch. 23 - Why is it difficult to find fossils in Precambrian...Ch. 23 - What are strematolites, and what is their...Ch. 23 - Prob. 67ECh. 23 - Prob. 68ECh. 23 - Prob. 69ECh. 23 - Prob. 70ECh. 23 - Prob. 71ECh. 23 - Coal beds form from the accumulation of plant...Ch. 23 - Prob. 73ECh. 23 - What can cause a rise in sea level? Is this likely...Ch. 23 - What are some potential worldwide consequences...Ch. 23 - What is the significance of an amniote egg?Ch. 23 - Prob. 77ECh. 23 - What effect did the breakup of Pangaea have on...Ch. 23 - Was there a time when dinosaurs and humans...Ch. 23 - Prob. 80ECh. 23 - Prob. 81ECh. 23 - How does basaltic lava in a rift zone separate two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 83ECh. 23 - What is the Anthropocene epoch?Ch. 23 - Prob. 85ECh. 23 - Prob. 86ECh. 23 - What event allowed the evolution of many mammals...Ch. 23 - Prob. 88ECh. 23 - Prob. 89ECh. 23 - Prob. 90ECh. 23 - Prob. 91ECh. 23 - Prob. 92ECh. 23 - How old are the oldest rocks on Earth? About how...Ch. 23 - During Earth's long history, life has emerged and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 95ECh. 23 - Prob. 96ECh. 23 - Prob. 97DQCh. 23 - How have modern humans affected geologic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 99DQCh. 23 - Prob. 100DQCh. 23 - The principle of superposition is that each new...Ch. 23 - Life forms throughout Earths past have emerged in...Ch. 23 - The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive...Ch. 23 - Development of Earths oceans was probably due to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5RATCh. 23 - The Paleozoic experienced several fluctuations in...Ch. 23 - The most important event during the Cambrian...Ch. 23 - The formation of the supercontinent of Pangaea (a)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9RATCh. 23 - The creation of the San Andreas Fault corresponded...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
34.45 A camera lens has a focal length of 200 mm. How far from the lens should the subject for the photo be if ...
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
(a) A woman climbing the Washington Monument metabolizes 6.00102kJ of food energy. If her efficiency is 18.0%, ...
College Physics
What known problems were solved when Einstein discovered the special theory of relativity?
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
The position of a particle moving along the x -axis varies with time according to x(t)=5.0t24.0t3 . Find (a) th...
University Physics Volume 1
16. On the Apollo 14 mission to the moon, astronaut Alan Shepard hit a golf ball with a 6 iron. The free-fall a...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach with Modern Physics (4th Edition)
Experienced hikers prefer to step over a fallen log in their path rather than stepping on top and jumping down ...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating of geological samples is one of the oldest and most refined radiometric dating methods, able to determine ages of about 1 million years to over 4.5 billion years with precision in the 0.1–1% range. The U-Pb dating method relies on two separate decay chains, one of which is the actinium series from 235U to 207Pb, with a half-life of 704 million years. Geologists unearth a sample of zircon that appears to be a closed system. They find 0.714 grams of 207Pb for 1.000 grams of 235U present. Approximately how old is the sample? _______ yrsarrow_forwardWhat is carbon-14 dating?arrow_forwardWhat process uses analysis of the decay of atomic particles to determine exact age? a Radioactive dating b Law of superposition c Relative dating d Geologic timearrow_forward
- The hot liquid magma of molten earth was on full display in Mauna Loa as it has been actively erupting over the past couple of weeks.Geologist and scientist have determined that about 50% of the earth's interior is due to the release of heat by the decay of radioactive elements like potassium-40, uranium-238 and thorium-232, which have half-lives of 1.25 billion, 4 billion and 14 billion years, respectively. a) Write the equation of the BETA-minus decay of potassium-40. b). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of uranium-238. c). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of thorium-232.arrow_forwardA 250g sample of Calcium-47 has a half-life of 4.536 ????. How much Calcuim-47 remains after six half-lives? (ans: 3.91g)arrow_forward37. A sample of 4 g of cobalt isotope is produced. If the half-life of is 30 years, what will be the mass of the cobalt remaining after 90 years? Please show all work (ref: p.808-813) hulu video F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 FS & 5 8. R Y (O 图 图 LO T LLarrow_forward
- Each time you dumped the pennies, one half-life passed; it has been shown that thehalf-life for this radioactive isotope is 20 years. In the year 2000, an archaeology teamunearths pottery and is using this isotope for radiometric dating to place the age of thepottery. It is shown that 95% of the nuclei have decayed. Using your graph,approximately how long ago was the pottery made?arrow_forwardThe half-life for a particular isotope is 5 seconds. Suppose there are initially 380 grams present in a specimen. Find how much of the specimen remains after 8 seconds. (Your answer should contain about 4 or 5 significant digits.) Determine how long it will take for there to be 240 grams remaining. (Your answer should contain about 4 or 5 significant digits.)arrow_forwardSuppose there is a mineral body which contained some amount of 238U, which has a half-life of 4.51×109 years, but has no lead, the end product of the radioactive decay of 238U. If the ratio of 238to lead atoms today is 0.64, how long ago did the mineral body form?arrow_forward
- The carbon content of living trees includes a small proportion of C-14, which is a radioactive isotope. After a tree dies, the proportion of C-14 in it decreases due to radioactive decay.Suggest why the method of carbon dating is likely to be unreliable if a sample is:a) < 200 years oldb) > 60,000 years oldarrow_forwardExplain the process of radiocarbondating.arrow_forwardA layer of peat beneath the glacial sediments of the last ice age has a carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio that is 21.2% of that found in living organisms. How long ago was this ice age?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxAn Introduction to Physical SciencePhysicsISBN:9781305079137Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781938168185/9781938168185_smallCoverImage.gif)
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079137/9781305079137_smallCoverImage.gif)
An Introduction to Physical Science
Physics
ISBN:9781305079137
Author:James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337515863/9781337515863_smallCoverImage.jpg)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781133104261/9781133104261_smallCoverImage.gif)
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Half life | Radioactivity | Physics | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDkNlU7zKYU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY