Chapter 23, Problem 32PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure and the systematic name of the product for the given reaction have to be given.

Concept introduction:

An alkene undergo hydrogentaion reaction when it is treated with hydrogen gas. The addition of two hydrogen atoms takes place on the carbon-carbon double bond. The product formed is called as alkane as there will be only carbon-carbonsingle bonds in the molecule.

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structure and the systematic name of the product for the given reaction have to be given.

Concept introduction: An alkyne undergo halogenation reaction when it is treated with halogens. The addition of four halogen atoms takes place on the carbon-carbon triple bond. The product formed is called as tetrahaloalkanes.

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.