Chapter 23, Problem 23.66P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for Step 1 is to be proposed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aromaticity of pyrazole compound has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Aromaticity:

The organic molecule must planar, cyclic and conjugate and satisfy the 4n+2 electrons is called aromatic compound. Aromatic molecules are very stable, and do not break apart easily to react with other substances

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent has to be shown for step 2-7 and 9

Concept Introduction:

Reduction: nitro group undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like metals like Ni or Pt with hydrogen which provides amines.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis.  Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion $\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{+}}\right)$ is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of step 6 reagent has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Acyl chloride:

Carboxylic acids reaction with thionyl chloride gives acyl chlorides.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the chlorosulfonation is to be proposed.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis and structural formula for the step 9 has to be proposed.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.