EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
9th Edition
ISBN: 8220100654428
Author: Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 23.60AP
A particle with charge −3.00 nC is at the origin, and a particle with negative charge of magnitude Q is at x = 50.0 cm. A third particle with a positive charge is in equilibrium at x = 20.9 cm. What is Q?
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
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[5 marks]
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Chapter 23 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
Ch. 23 - Three objects are brought close to each other, two...Ch. 23 - Three objects are brought close to one another,...Ch. 23 - Object A has a charge of +2 C, and object B has a...Ch. 23 - A test charge of +3 C is at a point P where an...Ch. 23 - Rank the magnitudes of the electric field at...Ch. 23 - A free electron and a free proton are released in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2OQCh. 23 - A very small ball has a mass of 5.00 103 kg and a...Ch. 23 - An electron with a speed of 3.00 106 m/s moves...Ch. 23 - A point charge of 4.00 nC is located at (0, 1.00)...
Ch. 23 - A circular ring of charge with radius b has total...Ch. 23 - What happens when a charged insulator is placed...Ch. 23 - Estimate the magnitude of the electric field due...Ch. 23 - (i) A metallic coin is given a positive electric...Ch. 23 - Assume the charged objects in Figure OQ23.10 are...Ch. 23 - Three charged particles are arranged on corners of...Ch. 23 - Two point charges attract each other with an...Ch. 23 - Assume a uniformly charged ring of radius R and...Ch. 23 - An object with negative charge is placed in a...Ch. 23 - The magnitude of the electric force between two...Ch. 23 - (a) Would life be different if the electron were...Ch. 23 - A charged comb often attracts small bits of dry...Ch. 23 - A person is placed in a large, hollow, metallic...Ch. 23 - A student who grew up in a tropical country and is...Ch. 23 - If a suspended object A is attracted to a charged...Ch. 23 - Consider point A in Figure CQ23.6 located an...Ch. 23 - In fair weather, there is an electric field at the...Ch. 23 - Why must hospital personnel wear special...Ch. 23 - A balloon clings to a wall after it is negatively...Ch. 23 - Consider two electric dipoles in empty space. Each...Ch. 23 - A glass object receives a positive charge by...Ch. 23 - Find to three significant digits the charge and...Ch. 23 - (a) Calculate the number of electrons in a small,...Ch. 23 - Two protons in an atomic nucleus are typically...Ch. 23 - A charged particle A exerts a force of 2.62 N to...Ch. 23 - In a thundercloud, there may be electric charges...Ch. 23 - (a) Find the magnitude of the electric force...Ch. 23 - Review. A molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)...Ch. 23 - Nobel laureate Richard Feynman (19181088) once...Ch. 23 - A 7.50-nC point charge is located 1.80 m from a...Ch. 23 - (a) Two protons in a molecule are 3.80 10-10 m...Ch. 23 - Three point charges are arranged as shown in...Ch. 23 - Three point charges lie along a straight line as...Ch. 23 - Two small beads having positive charges q1 = 3q...Ch. 23 - Two small beads having charges q1 and q2 of the...Ch. 23 - Three charged panicles are located at the corners...Ch. 23 - Two small metallic spheres, each of mass m = 0.200...Ch. 23 - Review. In the Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom,...Ch. 23 - Particle A of charge 3.00 104 C is at the origin,...Ch. 23 - A point charge +2Q is at the origin and a point...Ch. 23 - Review. Two identical particles, each having...Ch. 23 - Two identical conducting small spheres are placed...Ch. 23 - Why is the following situation impossible? Two...Ch. 23 - What are the magnitude and direction of the...Ch. 23 - A small object of mass 3.80 g and charge 18.0 C is...Ch. 23 - Four charged particles are at the corners of a...Ch. 23 - Three point charges lie along a circle of radius r...Ch. 23 - Two equal positively charged particles are at...Ch. 23 - Consider n equal positively charged particles each...Ch. 23 - In Figure P23.29, determine the point (other than...Ch. 23 - Three charged particles are at the corners of an...Ch. 23 - Three point charges are located on a circular arc...Ch. 23 - Two charged particles are located on the x axis....Ch. 23 - A small, 2.00-g plastic ball is suspended by a...Ch. 23 - Two 2.00-C point charges are located on the x...Ch. 23 - Three point charges are arranged as shown in...Ch. 23 - Consider the electric dipole shown in Figure...Ch. 23 - A rod 14.0 cm long is uniformly charged and has a...Ch. 23 - A uniformly charged disk of radius 35.0 cm carries...Ch. 23 - A uniformly charged ring of radius 10.0 cm has a...Ch. 23 - The electric field along the axis of a uniformly...Ch. 23 - Example 23.3 derives the exact expression for the...Ch. 23 - A uniformly charged rod of length L and total...Ch. 23 - A continuous line of charge lies along the x axis,...Ch. 23 - A thin rod of length and uniform charge per unit...Ch. 23 - A uniformly charged insulating rod of length 14.0...Ch. 23 - (a) Consider a uniformly charged, thin-walled,...Ch. 23 - A negatively charged rod of finite length carries...Ch. 23 - A positively charged disk has a uniform charge per...Ch. 23 - Figure P23.49 shows the electric field lines for...Ch. 23 - Three equal positive charges q are at the corners...Ch. 23 - A proton accelerates from rest in a uniform...Ch. 23 - A proton is projected in the positive x direction...Ch. 23 - An electron and a proton are each placed at rest...Ch. 23 - Protons are projected with an initial speed vi =...Ch. 23 - The electrons in a particle beam each have a...Ch. 23 - Two horizontal metal plates, each 10.0 cm square,...Ch. 23 - A proton moves at 4.50 105 m/s in the horizontal...Ch. 23 - Three solid plastic cylinders all have radius 2.50...Ch. 23 - Consider an infinite number of identical...Ch. 23 - A particle with charge 3.00 nC is at the origin,...Ch. 23 - A small block of mass m and charge Q is placed on...Ch. 23 - A small sphere of charge q1 = 0.800 C hangs from...Ch. 23 - A line of charge starts at x = +x0 and extends to...Ch. 23 - A small sphere of mass m = 7.50 g and charge q1 =...Ch. 23 - A uniform electric field of magnitude 640 N/C...Ch. 23 - Two small silver spheres, each with a mass of 10.0...Ch. 23 - A charged cork ball of mass 1.00 g is suspended on...Ch. 23 - A charged cork ball of mass m is suspended on a...Ch. 23 - Three charged particles are aligned along the x...Ch. 23 - Two point charges qA = 12.0 C and qB = 45.0 C and...Ch. 23 - A line of positive charge is formed into a...Ch. 23 - Four identical charged particles (q = +10.0 C) are...Ch. 23 - Two small spheres hang in equilibrium at the...Ch. 23 - Why is the following situation impossible? An...Ch. 23 - Review. Two identical blocks resting on a...Ch. 23 - Review. Two identical blocks resting on a...Ch. 23 - Three identical point charges, each of mass m =...Ch. 23 - Show that the maximum magnitude Emax of the...Ch. 23 - Two hard rubber spheres, each of mass m = 15.0 g,...Ch. 23 - Two identical beads each have a mass m and charge...Ch. 23 - Two small spheres of mass m are suspended from...Ch. 23 - Review. A negatively charged particle q is placed...Ch. 23 - Review. A 1.00-g cork ball with charge 2.00 C is...Ch. 23 - Identical thin rods of length 2a carry equal...Ch. 23 - Eight charged panicles, each of magnitude q, are...Ch. 23 - Consider the charge distribution shown in Figure...Ch. 23 - Review. An electric dipole in a uniform horizontal...Ch. 23 - Inez is putting up decorations for her sisters...Ch. 23 - A line of charge with uniform density 35.0 nC/m...Ch. 23 - A particle of mass m and charge q moves at high...Ch. 23 - Two particles, each with charge 52.0 nC, are...
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