The synthesis of m -chloroaniline from benzene is to be shown. Concept introduction: The aromaticity of the benzene ring disappears during electrophilic addition reactions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions grant permission to incorporate lots of substituents onto an aromatic ring, however, most of the substituents cannot be put in place directly to the aromatic ring. To incorporate these kinds of the substituents on the benzene ring by first using electrophilic aromatic substituents reaction to incorporate different substituents that are subsequently transformed into the desired product. Nitration of benzene is carried out with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which yield nitrobenzene. The reduction of nitrobenzene yields aniline. The nitro group is meta director and chloro group is para directors. The order in which substitution is important because some substituents on the ring make certain electrophilic reactions unfeasible. Nitration should be the first step because the benzene ring would be highly deactivated.

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Chapter 23, Problem 23.31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of m-chloroaniline from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The aromaticity of the benzene ring disappears during electrophilic addition reactions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions grant permission to incorporate lots of substituents onto an aromatic ring, however, most of the substituents cannot be put in place directly to the aromatic ring. To incorporate these kinds of the substituents on the benzene ring by first using electrophilic aromatic substituents reaction to incorporate different substituents that are subsequently transformed into the desired product. Nitration of benzene is carried out with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which yield nitrobenzene. The reduction of nitrobenzene yields aniline. The nitro group is meta director and chloro group is para directors. The order in which substitution is important because some substituents on the ring make certain electrophilic reactions unfeasible. Nitration should be the first step because the benzene ring would be highly deactivated.

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