Chapter 23, Problem 23.25P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Mechanism and the major product of the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aromatic ring is attacked by a nucleophile. These reactions proceed by a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism or by an elimination-nucleophilic addition mechanism. Aromatic compounds are electron-rich due to the Π bonds and generally show electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. So, every nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is not feasible. The aromatic ring must require at least one moderately or strong electron-withdrawing group ortho or para to the leaving group which makes the aromatic ring electron-poor and follows the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism. The Meisenheimer complex formed by the nucleophilic addition is stabilized by these electron-withdrawing groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Mechanism and the major product of the given reaction are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aromatic ring is attacked by a nucleophile. These reactions proceed by a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism or by an elimination-nucleophilic addition mechanism. Aromatic compounds are electron-rich due to the Π bonds and generally show electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. So, every nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is not feasible. The aromatic ring must require at least one moderately or strong electron-withdrawing group ortho or para to the leaving group which makes the aromatic ring electron-poor and follows the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism. The Meisenheimer complex formed by the nucleophilic addition is stabilized by these electron-withdrawing groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Mechanism and the major product of the given reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aromatic ring is attacked by a nucleophile. These reactions proceed by a nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism or by an elimination-nucleophilic addition mechanism. Aromatic compounds are electron-rich due to the Π bonds and generally show electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. So, every nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is not feasible. The aromatic ring must require at least one moderately or strong electron-withdrawing group ortho or para to the leaving group which makes the aromatic ring electron-poor and follows the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism. The Meisenheimer complex formed by the nucleophilic addition is stabilized by these electron-withdrawing groups.