Chapter 23, Problem 1TYC

To determine

The terms (1) mineral, (2) metal, (3) ore, (4) alloy and also the comparison and contrast among the terms.

Answer to Problem 1TYC

Mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic compound having a definite chemical composition, physical properties and crystal structure. Metals are elements or masses which are good conductors of heat and electricity. Ores is a naturally occurring substance which are present in the rocks from which metals could be extracted profitably. Alloy is a combination of a metal with another metal or with a nonmetal.

Explanation of Solution

(i) Mineral:

Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances or solid chemical element present in crystalline forms. They are formed during the geological process and have definite physical characteristics. The mineral is an inorganic chemical substance whose chemical and physical compositions are known. Examples of minerals include quartz, diamond, salt and so on.

(ii) Metal:

Metal is a solid hard mass or a chemical element which is generally a good conductor of heat and electricity. Metals are malleable, lustrous, sonorous, opaque and shiny in nature and also possess higher density than the nonmetals. The examples of metals are copper, iron, aluminium, zinc and so on.

(iii) Ores:

Ores are raw form of metals and minerals found in Earth’s crust. Ores contain impurities or they can be defined as the impure form of inorganic naturally occurring substances from which metals can be extracted economically and profitably. The processing and cleaning of ores give metals and minerals which are further used in construction of industries and other purposes. Some of the examples of ores include cinnabar (mercury ore), sphalerite (zinc ore), and cassiterite (tin ore).

(iv) Alloy:

Alloy is a combination or mixture of two different metals or a metal with a nonmetal. An alloy is made by mixing, melting or fusing of metals. The alloys are stronger than metal. Alloys are used for making jewellery and steel. The examples of an alloy are brass, bronze, iron, coin metals and so on.