
A.
To determine: Theobserved cardiovascular and respiratory function in terms of impaired lung expansion and air that has entered the chest as a result of an injury.
Introduction: The normal value of prothrombin time is 9.5 to 13.5 seconds. The prolonged prothrombin time is usually an indication of clotting mechanism failure, which can occur due to t vitamin K deficiency, biliary obstruction, malabsorption, liver disease, low synthesis of clotting factors, and many more.
A.

Explanation of Solution
Respiratory and cardiovascular function after the knife wound in an individual can indicate the damage to the heart and lungs from the stab wound. The presence of asymmetrical chest movement during inspiration, displacement of the trachea, and absence of breath sounds on the side of the wound indicate the knife has punctured one of the lungs that has caused an interruption in the normal breathing. The absence of any bleeding or blood pumping mechanism indicates that the heart is not directly injured from the stab. The confirmatory diagnosis can be done with the help of a spirometer and echocardiogram along with a CT scan.
B.
To determine: The type of emergent treatment that is necessary to save the man’s life.
Introduction: Fibrin is the plasma protein that plays a very important role in repair the injured site. It forms a clot at the site of the wound and causes the development of tissue by initiating a blood clotting cascade.
B.

Explanation of Solution
The emergent treatment that can help in saving an individual with a knife stab wound is to identify the damage done by the stab to the vital organs with the help of imaging techniques. The individual must also be provided with blood transfusion to prevent the occurrence of hypovolemic shock. This should be followed by the removal of the knife from the wound and then repairing the tear caused to the tissue and stopping the excessive bleeding into the body cavity. The echocardiogram and spirometer can help identify any abnormalities in the functioning of the heart or lungs, respectively.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered States
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