Concept explainers
To determine: The kind of grouping that is represented by the bracketed area in the given cladogram.
Introduction: Cladogram is a type of phylogenetic tree. It is organized by nodes and branches. The organism which is under analysis is present at the end of each branch. The length of a branch represents the relatedness of organisms.
To determine: The type of group that is formed by taxon 2 and 3.
Introduction: Previous classifications consider three different types of taxonomic relationships which are shown in cladogram such as paraphyletic groups, monophyletic groups, and polyphyletic groups.
To determine: The type of group that is formed by taxon 2, 4, and 6.
Introduction: Cladogram is a type of phylogenetic tree. It is organized by nodes and branches. The organism which is under analysis is present at the end of each branch. The length of a branch represents the relatedness of organisms.

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Chapter 23 Solutions
BIOLOGY LL VERSION + MINDTAP V2.0(2 TER
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- The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. a) Which has a higher potency? b) Which is has a higher efficacy? c) What is the approximate Kd of capsaicin in uM? (you can round to the nearest power of 10)arrow_forwardWhat is the rate-limiting-step for serotonin synthesis?arrow_forwardWhat enzyme is necessary for synthesis of all of the monoamines?arrow_forward
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