Explanation of Solution
Connecting to a POP server:
- POP server stands for Post Office Protocol.
- It is an application-layer Internet standard protocol which is used by email clients in order to retrieve email from a mail server.
- It defines the way user agents operate and how messages from and to mail transfer agents are formatted.
- POP is eventually going to be replaced by a new standard called Internet Mail Access Protocol.
- One can use the command “openssl s_client -connect pop.gmail.com:995”.
- Here, 995 denotes the port number enable access it via SSL encryption.
The following shows the results of connection made to POP server.
~$ openssl s_client -connect pop.gmail.com:995
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority
verify error:num=20:unable to get local issuer certificate
verify return:0
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=pop.gmail.com
i:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
1 s:/C=US/O=Google Inc/CN=Google Internet Authority
i:/C=US/O=Equifax/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Google Inc/CN=pop...
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Chapter 23 Solutions
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