ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265949440
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2.3, Problem 13WDYL
Why are some covalent bonds nonpolar and others polar? Identify the exception to the rule that polar covalent bonds are formed between two different types of atoms.
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:0-H-1--:N-H
Hydrogen Bond
Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure?
A
The oxygen has a partial positive charge, and the nitrogen has a partial negative charge.
(B)
The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge.
A) Refer to the figure below, Identify and explain
the two types of reactions, and describe what are
the importance of these reactions to our
bodies.
Reaction 1
H
Monomer
Reaction 2
H
H
OH + H
H
H₂O
H
H₂O
OH + H
H
OH
OH + H
H₂O
H₂O
OH
OH + H
OH
OH
OH
OH
B) What are the main chemical interactions that
determine and maintain the quaternary structure
of proteins. Also, what are the conditions that can
alter these interactions? [
List the four types of non-covalent interactions that are important in providing stability to the three-dimensional structures of macromolecules. Why is it important that these interactions be non-covalent, rather than covalent, bonds?
Chapter 2 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
Ch. 2.1 - How would the chemical shorthand for oxygen be...Ch. 2.1 - Diagram the atomic structure of chlorineatomic...Ch. 2.1 - Do isotopes represent the same element? Do they...Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 2.2 - List the common cations and anions of the human...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 2.2 - Explain how and why ions form based on the octet...Ch. 2.2 - Could an ionic bond form between two cations or...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 2.3 - What is an isomer?
Ch. 2.3 - Explain covalent bond formation in terms of...Ch. 2.3 - Assign the partial charges between nitrogen and...Ch. 2.3 - Why are some covalent bonds nonpolar and others...Ch. 2.3 - Are O2, and CO2 nonpolar or polar molecules?Ch. 2.3 - What is the name of the intermolecular attraction...Ch. 2.4 - Diagram the intermolecular bond between water...Ch. 2.4 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 2.4 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 2.4 - Prob. 19WDYLCh. 2.5 - Explain why water is neutral.Ch. 2.5 - Which type of substance releases H+ when added to...Ch. 2.5 - What is the general relationship of [H+] and pH?Ch. 2.5 - Why are buffers important and how do they function...Ch. 2.6 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 2.6 - Why is blood also considered the other two types...Ch. 2.6 - What are four ways solution concentration may be...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 27WDYLCh. 2.7 - What functional groups may act as an acid?Ch. 2.7 - What defines a polymer? List the three...Ch. 2.7 - Do lipid molecules typically dissolve in water?...Ch. 2.7 - Which class of lipids forms cell membranes? What...Ch. 2.7 - What is the repeating monomer of glycogen? Where...Ch. 2.7 - For each of the following, indicate if it is a...Ch. 2.7 - What is the general function of nucleic acids?Ch. 2.7 - What are the structural differences between RNA...Ch. 2.7 - What are the monomers of proteins and the name of...Ch. 2.7 - Prob. 37WDYLCh. 2.8 - Prob. 38WDYLCh. 2.8 - Prob. 39WDYLCh. 2.8 - Prob. 40WDYLCh. 2 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 2 - _____ 2. Substances that dissolve in water include...Ch. 2 - _____ 3. Temperature stabilization is dependent...Ch. 2 - _____ 4. All of the following are accurate about...Ch. 2 - _____ 5. Blood is a mixture that is more...Ch. 2 - Prob. 6DYKBCh. 2 - _____ 7. Glucose is stored as which molecule...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8DYKBCh. 2 - Prob. 9DYKBCh. 2 - _____ 10. When a protein permanently unfolds, it...Ch. 2 - List the common ions of the human body by name,...Ch. 2 - Describe a polar bond and a polar molecule.Ch. 2 - Diagram two water molecules and label the polar...Ch. 2 - Compare and contrast what occurs when a substance...Ch. 2 - Define the terms acid, base, PH, and buffers.Ch. 2 - Explain the units for expressing a concentration...Ch. 2 - List the four organic biomolecules and the...Ch. 2 - Which two organic biomolecules contain nitrogen...Ch. 2 - Describe how phospholipid molecules form the...Ch. 2 - Explain protein denaturation, including bow it...Ch. 2 - Which property of water is significant in children...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2CALCh. 2 - Prob. 3CALCh. 2 - The condition of rickets involves bones that have...Ch. 2 - The hormone insulin is a __________ composed of...Ch. 2 - An individual is exposed to high-energy radiation....Ch. 2 - The lab results from a diabetic patient show a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 3CSL
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- In X-ray crystąllography, the wavelength of an X-ray is - 1.5 À. This is useful in determining a protein's structure because the covalent Bond Length is also ~ 0.15 nm. True or False?arrow_forwardConsider the protein below: HO HỘ NH CH-OH CH Identify/Name the noncovalent interaction between groups in the following locations: Σarrow_forwardThe “octet rule” in chemistry helps predict the types of bonds thatatoms will form. In general, an atom will be most stable if it fills itsouter shell of 8 electrons. Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electronstend to donate electrons and those with more than 4 valence electronstend to accept additional electrons; those with exactly 4 can do both.Using this rule, determine what category each of the followingelements falls into: N, S, C, P, O, H, Ca, Fe, and Mg. (You will needto work out the valence of the atoms.)arrow_forward
- The dihedral or torsion angles of polypeptide backbone, the allowed values of which are summarized by the Ramachandran diagram, refer to rotation of the following pair of bonds. Cα-N and Cα-R C=O and Cα-N C-N and Cα-C Cα-C and Cα-N Cα-R and Cα-Carrow_forwardWhich covalent bond(s) is/are important for the formation of quaternary structure in proteins? (Please answer carefully ).arrow_forwardWhat is the contribution of dilsulfide bonds in proteins?Which groups or side chain participate in these reactions? Discuss with examples in detail.arrow_forward
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- Match the following terms to the correct definition: disulfıde bonds V [ Choose ] molecular force between non-polar molecules resulting from temporary dipoles covalent bonds between two cysteines salt-bridges intermolecular interactions that occur between the R groups of positively and negatively charged residues bonds between R-groups, carbonyls and amides that are not used in forming the secondary structure van-der Waals forces [ Choose ] internal hydrogen bonds [ Choose ]arrow_forwardb) It's said that secondary structures form because of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving the peptide bond. Describe what is going on to further stabilize secondary structure through these interactions.arrow_forwardwhy do the sodium ion and the chloride ion form a bond?arrow_forward
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