Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134060491
Author: Paul G. Hewitt, John A. Suchocki, Leslie A. Hewitt
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 12RCQ
Which of the geologic time units spans the greatest length of time?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The diagram below shows the layers of rock having an ammonite:
Which statement about the rock fossils is true? (4 points)
a
Fossil Y is older than fossil X.
b
Fossil Z is younger than fossil Y.
c
Fossil Z existed over many periods of time.
d
Fossil Y existed during the same period as the ammonite.
My qustion is in the picture.
Suppose a team of scientists is studying the formation of an island chain generated by four extinct volcanoes. To determine when
each volcano became extinct, the scientists calculated the age of the youngest layer of igneous rocks on each island. After a
recent research trip, the identifying tag of a sample rock was lost. The scientists ask you to help identify the sample rock's
parent volcano.
The scientists give you some information.
1) The initial ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in the rock was 0.7129.
2) The decay constant, 1, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-1!.
3) The current isotope concentrations in the rock are 8" Sr = 126 ppm, 8'Rb = 218 ppm, and 8ºSr = 175 ppm.
%3D
Use the isochron equation to calculate the approximate age of the mystery rock.
87.
Sto +
87
Sr
[edr – 1]
86
Sr,
86
86
Where possible, retain at least four significant figures throughout your calculations, and round your final answer to the nearest
100 million years.
million years
t =
Chapter 23 Solutions
Conceptual Physical Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 23 - Prob. 1RCQCh. 23 - What six principles are used in relative dating?...Ch. 23 - A granitic dike is found across a sandstone layer....Ch. 23 - Why dont all rock formations show a continuous...Ch. 23 - How are fossils used in determining geologic time?Ch. 23 - In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7RCQCh. 23 - What is radioactive half-life?Ch. 23 - What are the half-lives of uranium-238,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 10RCQ
Ch. 23 - Prob. 11RCQCh. 23 - Which of the geologic time units spans the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 13RCQCh. 23 - What key developments in life occurred during...Ch. 23 - What evidence do we have of Precambrian life?Ch. 23 - The Paleozoic era experienced several fluctuations...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17RCQCh. 23 - Prob. 18RCQCh. 23 - What life forms are associated with the Devonian...Ch. 23 - Why are internal nostrils in the lobe-finned...Ch. 23 - Why do many geologists consider the lobe-finned...Ch. 23 - During what time period were most coal deposits...Ch. 23 - In what area of the United States do we find rich...Ch. 23 - What group evolved from the amphibians with the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 25RCQCh. 23 - What is the most likely cause of the Cretaceous...Ch. 23 - What effect did the breakup of Pangaea have on sea...Ch. 23 - How is the element iridium related to the time of...Ch. 23 - Which epochs make up the Tertiary period? The...Ch. 23 - What important life forms evolved during the...Ch. 23 - Refer to the accompanying figure. Using the...Ch. 23 - On a cross section, a dark wavy line is used to...Ch. 23 - If fine muds were laid down at a rate of 1 cm/1000...Ch. 23 - With the formation of Pangaea, disconnected...Ch. 23 - The decay of radioactive elements to stable...Ch. 23 - Going from oldest to youngest, rank these life...Ch. 23 - The geologic time scale is subdivided into eons,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 38TARCh. 23 - Throughout geologic time there have been several...Ch. 23 - Throughout geologic time there have been many...Ch. 23 - The Cenozoic is known for many tectonic events. In...Ch. 23 - Each period of the Paleozoic saw marked changes in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 43TARCh. 23 - If a sedimentary rock contains inclusions of...Ch. 23 - Granitic pebbles within a sedimentary rock have a...Ch. 23 - Two isolated rock outcrops share a few similar...Ch. 23 - Suppose that in an undeformed sequence of rocks,...Ch. 23 - In a sequence of sedimentary rock layers, the...Ch. 23 - What is the difference between a nonconformity and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 50ECh. 23 - What general assumption must be made to understand...Ch. 23 - Suppose you see a sequence of sedimentary rock...Ch. 23 - In dating a mineral, what is meant by resetting...Ch. 23 - A radiometric date is determined from mica that...Ch. 23 - If we divide a number by 2, and then divide the...Ch. 23 - Which isotopes are most appropriate for dating...Ch. 23 - Has the amount of uranium in Earth increased over...Ch. 23 - Before the discovery of radioactivity, how did...Ch. 23 - In the geologic time scale, which time division...Ch. 23 - What is the basis for the division of the geologic...Ch. 23 - What factors are believed to have contributed to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 62ECh. 23 - Prob. 63ECh. 23 - How did the Precambrian atmosphere become...Ch. 23 - Why is it difficult to find fossils in Precambrian...Ch. 23 - What are strematolites, and what is their...Ch. 23 - Prob. 67ECh. 23 - Prob. 68ECh. 23 - Prob. 69ECh. 23 - Prob. 70ECh. 23 - Prob. 71ECh. 23 - Coal beds form from the accumulation of plant...Ch. 23 - Prob. 73ECh. 23 - What can cause a rise in sea level? Is this likely...Ch. 23 - What are some potential worldwide consequences...Ch. 23 - What is the significance of an amniote egg?Ch. 23 - Prob. 77ECh. 23 - What effect did the breakup of Pangaea have on...Ch. 23 - Was there a time when dinosaurs and humans...Ch. 23 - Prob. 80ECh. 23 - Prob. 81ECh. 23 - How does basaltic lava in a rift zone separate two...Ch. 23 - Prob. 83ECh. 23 - What is the Anthropocene epoch?Ch. 23 - Prob. 85ECh. 23 - Prob. 86ECh. 23 - What event allowed the evolution of many mammals...Ch. 23 - Prob. 88ECh. 23 - Prob. 89ECh. 23 - Prob. 90ECh. 23 - Prob. 91ECh. 23 - Prob. 92ECh. 23 - How old are the oldest rocks on Earth? About how...Ch. 23 - During Earth's long history, life has emerged and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 95ECh. 23 - Prob. 96ECh. 23 - Prob. 97DQCh. 23 - How have modern humans affected geologic...Ch. 23 - Prob. 99DQCh. 23 - Prob. 100DQCh. 23 - The principle of superposition is that each new...Ch. 23 - Life forms throughout Earths past have emerged in...Ch. 23 - The time it takes for 50% of a radioactive...Ch. 23 - Development of Earths oceans was probably due to...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5RATCh. 23 - The Paleozoic experienced several fluctuations in...Ch. 23 - The most important event during the Cambrian...Ch. 23 - The formation of the supercontinent of Pangaea (a)...Ch. 23 - Prob. 9RATCh. 23 - The creation of the San Andreas Fault corresponded...
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- What biologic event is used by geologists to separate the Tertiary period from the Quaternary period?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the phrase geologic time?arrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. geologic time (Intro) 2. fossil (24.1) 3. paleontology 4. amber 5. replacement fossil 6. mold 7. cast 8. trace fossil 9. relative geologic time (24.2) 10. principle of original horizontality 11. principle of superposition 12. principle of cross-cutting relationships 13. unconformities 14. correlation 15. index fossils 16. eons 17. eras 18. periods 19. absolute (numerical) geologic time (24.3) 20. radiometric dating 21. carbon-14 dating 22. geologic time scale (24.5) 23. Cambrian explosion 24. Great Dying 25. epochs 26. K-T event For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. a. _____ Widespread, easily identified fossils that are typical of a particular time segment of the Earths historyarrow_forward
- KEY TERMS 1. geologic time (Intro) 2. fossil (24.1) 3. paleontology 4. amber 5. replacement fossil 6. mold 7. cast 8. trace fossil 9. relative geologic time (24.2) 10. principle of original horizontality 11. principle of superposition 12. principle of cross-cutting relationships 13. unconformities 14. correlation 15. index fossils 16. eons 17. eras 18. periods 19. absolute (numerical) geologic time (24.3) 20. radiometric dating 21. carbon-14 dating 22. geologic time scale (24.5) 23. Cambrian explosion 24. Great Dying 25. epochs 26. K-T event For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ The most devastating extinction that has ever occurredarrow_forwardSuppose that one species of index fossil lived between 410 and 380 mya and another lived between 440 and 350 mya. What can be said about the age of a rock that contains fossils of both species? Figure 24.22 Absolute Dating of Sedimentary Rocks See Exercise 7.arrow_forwardFigure 24.21 Relative Dating See Exercises 3 and 4. 3. Refer to Fig. 24.21. (a) Which rock stratum is younger, A or C? What geologic principle did you use? (b) Which is younger, the rock stratum marked C or the igneous intrusion marked E? What geologic principle did you use?arrow_forward
- Figure 24.21 Relative Dating See Exercises 3 and 4. 4. Refer to Fig. 24.21. (a) Which is younger, the rock stratum C or the fault marked D? What geologic principle did you use? (b) Which is younger, the fault marked D or the igneous intrusion marked E? What geologic principle did you use?arrow_forwardWhat is obtained when rocks and geologic events are put into chronologic order without regard to the actual dates? (24.2) (a) absolute (numerical) geologic time (b) relative geologic time (c) a geologic formation (d) a correlation periodarrow_forwardDescribe the differences among primitive, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, and relate these differences to their origins.arrow_forward
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