The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized. Concept Introduction: > Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups. > A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit. > Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β − position, but some reagents attack at α − position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance). > Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C = C is converted to an epoxide. > A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction. > Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H 2 / N i . > The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 12PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical conversion of cholesterol into the given compounds needs to be summarized.

Concept Introduction:
>
Cholesterol is essential for human life. In the human body, it is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids. It is produced at a much higher rate than is necessary for the synthesis of steroid. In a typical molecule of cholesterol, there is no internal plane of symmetry, and hence every carbon atom is different and each carbon has four different groups.
>
A single unit of cholesterol consists of eight tetrahedral chirality centers. This means that there may be 256 stereoisomers of the basic structure of cholesterol, of which there is one correct structure of a single cholesterol unit.
>
Reactions of steroids are greatly influenced by steric hindrance. Most steroids prefer reaction at β− position, but some reagents attack at α− position in case it is sterically favorable (lower steric hindrance).
>
Reaction of alkenes with peroxide acids to form epoxides is called epoxidation reaction. In this reaction, the double bond of C=C is converted to an epoxide.
>
A chemical reaction between compound and molecular hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. The addition of hydrogen to double or triple bond is a hydrogenation reaction.
>
Hydrogenation of alkenes or alkynes is an addition reaction, which is done in the presence of reducing agents, such as H2/Ni.
>
The addition of halogen to double or triple bond is a halogenation reaction.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 23 - Prob. 1PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 2PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 3PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 4PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 5PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 6PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 7PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 8PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 9PP Ch. 23 - Prob. 10PP

Solution Summary: The author explains how cholesterol is produced as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of all steroids.

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Chapter 23 Solutions