Principles Of Economics, Ap Edition, 9781337292603, 1337292605, 2018
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337292603
Author: Mankiw
Publisher: Cengage Learning (2018)
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Question
Chapter 22, Problem 6CQQ
To determine
The ultimatum game and if people care on fairness.
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In game theory, what does the term "payoff" refer to?
a) The amount of money each player has at the beginning of the game.
b) The final outcome of the game.
c) The utility or benefit that a player receives based on the outcome of the game.
d) The number of strategies available to each player.
Economics
Consider the ultimatum and dictator games.
a) Briefly explain the general experimental findings
about how individuals play these games. How do
they compare with the game theoretic
predictions?
b) How do social preferences explain behavior in
these experiments?
c) Real world experiences have an impact on
experimental behavior. Explain how real world
experiences could affect behavior in each of
theses experiments.
d) Suppose that you would like to increase the
amount that is sent in these experiments. Can you
think of a way to to this?
e) Suppose that individuals play first a dictator
game and then an ultimatum game with the roles
reversed, i.e. the sender in the dictator game is the
receiver in the ultimatum game. Given what you
know about individuals' behavior, how do
think that players will play? Explain.
you
Suppose Justine and Sarah are playing the ultimatum game. Justine is the proposer, has $140 to allocate, and Sarah can accept or reject the offer. Based on repeated experiments of the ultimatum game, what combination of payouts to Justine and Sarah is most likely to occur?.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Principles Of Economics, Ap Edition, 9781337292603, 1337292605, 2018
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- If you take a maximin strategy A. you are ensuring that the other player gets the worst possible outcome. B. you are irrational according to economic definition. C. then both players are doing the best they can given the payoffs in the game. D. you are getting the best possible outcome given that the other player does the thing that's worst for you.arrow_forwardConfused on what answer is best for the last part a. compartmentalizing b. the ultimatum game c. the endowment effect d. framingarrow_forwardMULTIPLE CHOICE (identify the one best answer below and explain your reasoning for each option): If James is the leader in the game then: (hint: you can draw the game tree to see it better)a. There are two equilibrium outcomes that coincide with the Nash equilibria.b. The unique equilibrium outcome is James playing Rooster and Buzz playing Chicken.c. The equilibrium outcome is the same as if Buzz were the leader.d. All of the above.e. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Our classroom needs a better webcam. A webcam benefits everyone and I am soliciting donations from the class. There are N students, and each student possesses a token. A webcam costs K tokens. K is greater than 2, but less than N. Now, the action of each student is to either donate a token or avoid me. Find the Nash equilibrium/equilibria. Give an answer with reasoning.arrow_forwardQ2. The Prisoners' Dilemma: Jill Confess Remain Silent Confess Bob: 8 years Jill: 8 years Bob: Free Jill: 20 years Bob Remain Silent Bob: 20 years Jill: Free Bob: 1 year Jill: 1 year 2A: Find Nash equilibrium? 28. Is the Nash equilibrium best outcome for them? 2C. If your answer of Q2 is 'No', then why they choose an outcome which is not best for them.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT one of the four steps for making good strategic decisions? A. Assume that others will defer to your action. B. Think about the “what ifs” separately. C. Play your best response. D. Consider all the possible outcomes.arrow_forward
- Roger and Rafael play a game with the following rules. Roger is given $250 to divide between himself and Rafael. Rafael does not get to choose but he can reject Roger’s offer if he does not like it. If Rafael rejects, both get nothing. If Rafael accepts, both get the split that Roger decided. a. What is this game called? b. Find all Nash equilibria for this game. c. When this game is played in the real world, do the predictions in part 1b materialize? Why/why not? d. Are all Nash equilibria in part 1b Pareto Optimal? Explainarrow_forwardConsider a modified version of the ultimatum game, with altruism. There is a pie of size 50 to be split between Proposer (P) and Responder (R). In the first stage, P offers a share 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 of the pie to R. In the second stage, R accepts or rejects P's offer. If R accepts, the pie is split according to the proposed division, with P receiving (1 - x) x 50 and R receiving x x 50. If R rejects, both players receive none of the pie. But players' payoffs are not equal to how much of the pie they receive. In particular, payoffs in the event of an accepted offer are: Up (1x) x 50+ bx × 50 UR = x x 50+b(1-x) × 50 (Payoffs in the event of a rejected offer are 0 for both players.) Here, the parameter b > 0 measures how altruistic players are, i.e. how much "happier" a player is when his opponent receives more pie. a) Suppose b = 0.5. How much pie does P receive in the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of the game? (specify the total amount of pie, not the share). b) Suppose b=0.5. What is P's…arrow_forwardhelp please answer in text form with proper workings and explanation for each and every part and steps with concept and introduction no AI no copy paste remember answer must be in proper format with all workingarrow_forward
- Sam and Sarah are thinking about getting married. However if either of them cheats on the other, they would get a payoff of 10, while the other person gets zero. If neither cheat, they stay with each other and get a payoff of 7 each and if both cheat, the relationship falls apart and each get a payoff of 1. What is the Nash equilibrium of this game? a. Cheat, Cheat b. Not cheat, Not cheat Sam cheats, Sarah doesn't Sarah cheats, Sam doesn'tarrow_forwardThe outcome of a prisoners' dilemma game with a Nash equilibrium is that Question 20 options: both players confess. both players deny. there is no equilibrium. one player denies and one player confesses.arrow_forwardplease if you can teach explainarrow_forward
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