Chapter 2.2, Problem 6A

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

The unequal sharing of electrons forms a polar covalent bond.

Introduction:

An element is a pure substance of one type of atom or it is a species of an atom having the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus. For example, there are 118 known elements in the periodic table.

A compound is the combination of two or more different elements.

A covalent bond is formed when same or different elements share electrons. For example, water ($H_{2}O$), in which two hydrogen atoms are joined with one oxygen atom or sharing of electrons takes place.

A molecule is the combination of two or more of the same type of elements.

For example,$H_2$ is the combination of two hydrogen atoms.

Octet rule: It is a rule which is followed when compound formation occurs. According to this rule, atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas.

The electronic configuration is the arrangement of electrons according to the increasing energies of the orbitals

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons.