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The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by
Show hos’ bitwise operations on bit strings can be used to find these combinations of
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- Suppose that the check digit is computed as described in Example . Prove that transposition errors of adjacent digits will not be detected unless one of the digits is the check digit. Example Using Check Digits Many companies use check digits for security purposes or for error detection. For example, an the digit may be appended to a -bit identification number to obtain the -digit invoice number of the form where the th bit, , is the check digit, computed as . If congruence modulo is used, then the check digit for an identification number . Thus the complete correct invoice number would appear as . If the invoice number were used instead and checked, an error would be detected, since .arrow_forwardShow that |a1111a1111a1111a|=(a+3)(a1)3arrow_forwardSuppose that in an RSA Public Key Cryptosystem. Encrypt the message "pascal" using the -letter alphabet from Example 4. Use two-digit blocks. Use three-digit blocks. What is the secret key?arrow_forward
- Let N= {1, 2, 3, 4, .} be the set of natural numbers and S= (1, 4, 9, 16, ...} be the set of squares of the natural numbers. Then N - S, since we have the one-to-one correspondence 1 + 1, 2 + 4, 3 + 9, 4 + 16, ... n+ n?. (This example is interesting, since it shows that an infinite set can be equivalent to a proper subset of itself.) Show that each of the following pairs of sets are equivalent by carefully describing a one-to-one correspondence between the sets. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. (a) The whole numbers and natural numbers, W = {0, 1, 2, 3, ..} and N= {1, 2, 3, 4, ...} Which of the following describes a one-to-one correspondence between the two sets? O A. For each element in W, there is an element in N that is double that element. O B. For each element in w. there is an element in N that is 1 areater than double that element.arrow_forwardConsider the direct product of Z2 with Z3, Z2 × Z3. Define the two binary operations as follows: (а, b) @ (с, а) (а, b) 8 (с, d) (а +2С, b +3 d), (а -2 С, b ез d). ie, addition modulo 2 and modulo 3, multiplication modulo 2, and modulo 3, respectively. (Hint: Enumerate the elements of this set.) Prove or disprove that Z2 x Z3 is a field.arrow_forward
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