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The symmetric difference of A and B, denoted by
Show hos’ bitwise operations on bit strings can be used to find these combinations of
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DISCRETE MATHEMATICS+ITS APPL. (LL)-W/A
- Suppose that the check digit is computed as described in Example . Prove that transposition errors of adjacent digits will not be detected unless one of the digits is the check digit. Example Using Check Digits Many companies use check digits for security purposes or for error detection. For example, an the digit may be appended to a -bit identification number to obtain the -digit invoice number of the form where the th bit, , is the check digit, computed as . If congruence modulo is used, then the check digit for an identification number . Thus the complete correct invoice number would appear as . If the invoice number were used instead and checked, an error would be detected, since .arrow_forwardShow that |a1111a1111a1111a|=(a+3)(a1)3arrow_forwardSuppose that in an RSA Public Key Cryptosystem. Encrypt the message "pascal" using the -letter alphabet from Example 4. Use two-digit blocks. Use three-digit blocks. What is the secret key?arrow_forward
- HELP WITH PARTS D,E,F,Garrow_forwardLet S be the subset of the set of ordered pairs of integers defined recursively by Basis step: (0,0) = S F Recursive step: If (a, b) = S, then (a, b + 1) = S, (a + 1, b + 1) = S, and (a + 2, b + 1) = S. List the elements of S produced by the first four applications of the recursive definition. Enter your answers in the form (a₁, b₁), (a2, b2),..., (an, bn), in order of increasing a, without any spaces. The first application of the recursive step adds (Click to select) ✓to S. The second application of the recursive step adds (Click to select) The third application of the recursive step adds (Click to select) The fourth application of the recursive step adds (Click to select) to S. ✓to S. ✓to S.arrow_forwardDefine two operations + and * on A = Z × Z as follows: for (a, b) and (c, d) in A: ɔy (a, b)+(c, d) = (a +c, b+ d) and (a, b) * (c, d) = (ac – bd, bc + ad). For every (a, b), (c, d) and (e, f) in A, show that (a) (a, b)+(c, d) = (c, d)+(a, b) is uncountable (b) (a, b)+((c, d)+(e, ƒ)) = ((a, b)+(c, d))+(e, f) (c) (a, b)*(c, d) = (c, d)*(a, b) (d) (a, b) * ((c, d) * (e, f)) = ((a, b) * (c, d)) * (e, f) (e) (a, b) * ((c, d)+(e, f)) = ((a,b) * (c, d))+((a, b) * (e, f))arrow_forward
- please HELP WITH PART D,E,F,Garrow_forwardLet A be the set of all positive integers whose last two digits form a number that is evenly divisible by 4. In the case of a one-digit number, we take its tens digit to be 0. Let B be the set of all positive integers that are evenly divisible by 4. Show that A = B.arrow_forwardLet S be the set of all bit strings (strings of 0's and I's) Select one: O A. f(s) = the string obtained by moving the first bit of s to the end of the string. (For example, f(1001101) = 0011011) O B. f(s) = the string obtained from s by interchanging 0's and I's. (For example, f(11000) = 00111) O c. f(s) the string & with a 1 bit appended at the end. (For example, f(1101) = 11011) O D. f(s) the reversal of s. (For example, f(110) = 011) length at least 2. Which of the following functions f : S → S is not onto S?arrow_forward
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