WHAT IS LIFE? ACHIEVE 1 TERM ACCESS CODE
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319516116
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 2SA
Summary Introduction
To review:
- The difference between single and double-circuit circulatory systems.
- Which of these would be more suitable for higher energy demands.
- The reason for this choice.
Introduction:
Circuit refers to the number of times the heart pumps the blood for it to travel once all around the body.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Leaky Na+ channels in the cells of the SA Node do which of the following?
a-allow a slow repolarization which causes the delay in the AV Node
b-allow a slow depolarization which causes the atria to contract for a longer time and fill the ventricles more completely
c-allow a slow repolarization which brings the membrane potential back to a resting state
d-allow a slow depolarization that eventually reaches the threshold for voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
Please Help
In the cardiovascular dynamics experiment (part 2), if the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent?
Select one:
aortic valve and pulmonary veins
bicuspid valve and pulmonary veins
aortic valve and aorta
bicuspid valve and aorta
Chapter 22 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? ACHIEVE 1 TERM ACCESS CODE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- An artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO Marrow_forwardName three mechanisms that can increase cardiacoutput.arrow_forwardWhy do implantable defibrillators require far less power on their own than a pacemaker?arrow_forward
- Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood. Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body? Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.arrow_forwardCritically ill patients in a cardiovascular intensive care unit must be intensely monitored for any number of conditions. One of these conditions is hypoperfusion, which is an overall decrease in blood flow throughout the body. Low stroke volume is one indicator of hypoperfusion. The pressure-volume (PV) graph below shows three possible loops for the heart. The control loop shows a healthy heart while the other two loops show reduced or increased preload (assuming that afterload and contractility remain fixed). 200 LV Pressure (mmHg) 100 Preload Control ↑ Preload 100 LV Volume (ml) (a) What is the stroke volume for the control patient? RK '15 200 (b) A healthy heart rate (HR) is measured as 80 beats per minute. What is the control patient's cardiac output CO? Control patient's CO: mL minarrow_forwardWhat are the difference between contractile cells of the heart and electrical cells responsible for generation and conduction of impulses. Why is the cardiac action potential propagated more slowly in an AV node cell than in an atrial or ventricular myocyte? How are the channels and ions that are responsible for depolarization and repolarization work? How can be AV conduction affected by hypokalemia?arrow_forward
- In the cardiovascular dynamics experiment (part 2), if the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent? Experiment Accessibility Pressure (mm Hg). Pump Pressure (mm Hg) Pressure (mm Hg) 120 Volume (ml). Volume (ml). 5000 Pump volume (ml) Flow tube radius (mm) Flow rate (ml/min) Auto Pump Start 120 Left 3.5 Pump rate (strokes/min) Single End 50 Right 3.0 Refill Stroke 70 Select one: O bicuspid valve and pulmonary veins aortic valve and aorta O aortic valve and pulmonary veins bicuspid valve and aortaarrow_forwardDescribe the action potential of an autorhythmic cell in the heart.a) Indicate how the opening and closing of each ion channel affects the membrane potential of the cell.b) Provide one similarity between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.c) Provide one difference between the action potential of an autorhythmic cell and the action potential of a neuron.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the differences in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction? The amount of contractile force actively generated by muscle cells is increased by stretch in skeletal muscle and decreased by stretch in cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle is stimulated by motor neurons and skeletal muscle by neurones from the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscle contractile force is augmented by increasing the firing frequency of action potentials whereas cardiac muscle contractile force is enhanced by noradrenaline increasing calcium influx through ion channels. Ryanodine receptors in skeletal muscle are opened by a mechanism that requires calcium influx whereas in cardiac muscle membrane depolarisation alone without calcium influx is sufficient to open ryanodine receptors.arrow_forward
- What is the difference between the medical approach with the public health approach to saving lives from cardiovascular disease? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach?arrow_forwardThe aorta is the principal blood vessel through which blood leaves the heart in order to circulate around the body. (a) Calculate the average speed of the blood in the aorta if the flow rate is 5.0 L/min. The aorta has a radius of 10 mm. (b) Blood also flows through smaller blood vessels known as capillaries. When the rate of blood flow in the aorta is 5.0 L/min, the speed of blood in the capillaries is about 0.33 mm/s. Given that the average diameter of a capillary is 8.0 μm (1 μm = 1 X 10 –6 m), calculate the number of capillaries in the blood circulatory system.arrow_forwarda) List at least five things that a circulatory system does to help the body cells. Which of these is most important? b) Name some animals with an “open circ system” ; know how it works with some vessels, heart/pumps and hemolympth blood-like fluid c) what are the general differences between veins, capillaries and arteries? What do we call very tiny arteries? Very tiny veins?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Complications during Labour and Delivery; Author: FirstCry Parenting;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnCviG4GpYg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY