Chapter 22, Problem 22.81QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Preparation methods of metal chlorides have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Direct combination: In this method, metals directly reacts with molecular chlorine and produces metal chlorides.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{2X}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\to {\text{2XCl}}_{\text{(s)}}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by direct combination method

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Metals with acids: In this method, metals react with acids and produces metal chlorides.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{X}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{XCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metals with acids

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Acid-base neutralization: In this method, metal chlorides are prepared by the neutralization reaction of acids with bases (metal hydroxides).

${\text{acid}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{base}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{salt}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{water}}_{\text{(l)}}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by acid – base neutralization reaction

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid: In this method, metal chlorides are prepared by the reaction of metal carbonates with acids.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{XCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{XCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: In this method, insoluble solid (precipitate) formed by the reaction of cations with anions in solution phase.

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by precipitation reaction method