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Introduction: A group of organisms, which are related and share a distinctive form, is known as species. Members of the species living in a particular area at a particular time, which are capable of interbreeding, are known as a population. The population keeps changing to produce new species over time.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: A change in one or more than one characteristic of a population, which can be transferred over several generations, is known as evolution. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct answer:
Evolution refers to the changes in one or more characteristics of a given population which can be inherited by the next generation.
Option d. is given as “evolution”
Changes in one or more characteristics of a population, which can be inherited over various generations through time, are known as evolution. Hence, the correct answer is option d.
Reasons for the incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “natural selection”.
Individuals having characteristics that are more suitable for a particular environment are able to survive and reproduce successfully. These individuals are naturally selected and thus, evolution is caused. Therefore, natural selection is one of the factors which cause evolution. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “sexual selection”.
A form of natural selection is known as sexual selection. Sexual selection refers to a process through which individuals with particular traits engage in a successful mating event with individuals of the opposite sex over other individuals belonging to the same sex. Sexual selection is a factor affecting natural selection and evolution. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “population genetics”.
The study of genetic differences present in a population by studying genes and genotypes is known as population genetics. The population genetics makes up a part of evolutionary biology. It is a study and is not responsible for causing changes in the characteristics of the given population. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “inheritance of acquired traits”.
According to Lamarck’s theory, organisms change their behavior according to the changes in the environment. Therefore, the inheritance of acquired characteristics is based on Lamarck’s theory which was rejected as research depicted that most of the acquired traits could not be inherited. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and e. are incorrect.
Thus, evolution refers to the changes in characteristics of the population which are inherited over time.
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Chapter 22 Solutions
BIOLOGY-TEXT
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forwardAn unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the "gold standard" that is currently applied to species designations in microbiology? 97% between species: 50% among whole genome 90% between species: 75% among whole genome 99% between species; 97% among whole genome 97% between species: 70% among whole genome Onone of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have decided to send your sample off for sequencing. You need to determine which type of sequencing to use for the preliminary identification of your species. You decide that, for now, you only need to be able to identify the family and genus levels. Which type of sequencing do you think is the most appropriate? O Genomic Fingerprinting O Whole Genome Sequencing O 16S rDNA Sequencing O DNA-DNA hybridization Nextarrow_forward
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