BIOLOGY-TEXT
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169621
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 2.2, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
To describe: The process of separation of DNA strands requires energy or it is just a spontaneous process.
Introduction: The DNA stands for “deoxyribonucleic acid.” Structure of DNA is made up of a number of monomers called
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Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome:
LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’
3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT
During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. ___________ should be the template for the lagging strand synthesis.
neither of the two strands
the bottom strand
both top and bottom strands
the top strand
Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome:
LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’
3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT
During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. The replisome is approaching to a chromosomal end on the left. Considering this left chromosomal end, if without telomerase, the newly synthesized daughter DNA of ___________ will be shortened?
neither top or bottom strand
both top and bottom strands
the top strand
the bottom strand
for the lagging strand, is it the upper or the lower?
Chapter 2 Solutions
BIOLOGY-TEXT
Ch. 2.1 - Before the experiment conducted by Ernest...Ch. 2.1 - What was the hypothesis tested by Rutherford?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 2.1 - Explain the difference between an electron shell...Ch. 2.2 - Core Skill: Modeling The goal of this modeling...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.3 - When oil dissolves in a soapy solution, where is...Ch. 2.4 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 2 - _______________ make(s) up the nucleus of an atom....Ch. 2 - Prob. 2TY
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- In an experiment, you grow bacterial cells for several generations in the presence of a light isotope of carbon (C¹2) and then transfer them into a medium containing a heavy isotope of carbon (C¹³). After one round of DNA replication, which of the following statements is true? O All DNA molecules will be labeled entirely with C¹3 ● For all DNA molecules, each strand will be labeled with a mixture of C¹2 and C¹³. Half the DNA molecules will be labeled with C¹2 only, whereas the other half will be labeled with C¹3 only. O All DNA molecules will be labeled entirely with C¹2 O For all DNA molecules, one strand will be entirely labeled with C¹2, whereas the other strand will be entirely labeled with C¹3 O Insufficient information to conclude.arrow_forwardLook at the picture carefully below and imagine inside a cell nucleus. a) encircle and name the parts where DNA is most accessible and least accessible b) how nucleosome positioning or spacing can interfere with DNA accessiblityarrow_forwardOne strand of a single DNA helix is labeled red while the other strand of the same DNA helix is labeled blue. This double helix DNA is replicated through the process of semi-conservative replication. Note that a completely newly synthesized strand of DNA will be white. After three rounds of DNA replication, how many all-white DNA (both strands are white) will there be? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Each cell of the human body contains 46 chromosomes. How many DNA molecules does this statement represent? How many different types of DNA molecules does it represent?arrow_forwardAssume a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I is produced. What will be the most likely consequence of this mutation? The DNA would not exist in a supercoiled state. There would be no RNA primers laid down. The DNA will not be able to unwind to initiate replication. The DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA. There would be no DNA replication on the leading or lagging strands.arrow_forwardDuring replication of a DNA molecule, the daughter strands are not produced in exactly the same manner. One strand, the leading strand, is made continuously toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is made in fragments in the opposite direction. This difference in synthesis of the two strands is the result of which of the following? O a. DNA polymerase is not efficient enough to make two "good" strands of DNA O b. The two template strands are antiparallel, and DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction O c. The lagging strand is the result of DNA breaks caused by exposure to UV light Od. The cell does not contain enough nucleotides to make two complete strands Oe. Both B&Darrow_forward
- 4.) During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA are pried apart and then serve as templates for synthesis of new strands. However, there are some big differences in how the two strands are copied. Why is this so? Please describe in 4-5 sentences of your own words how replication proceeds on the two strands. 5.) During meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at a single point, but rather two points with a stretch of DNA in between. What are the two junction points called? b. What is the region between the two points called and what is different about this region compared to how double-stranded DNA usually is? c. If the region described in b.) is located within a gene and the two homologues have different alleles of this gene, what might happen that is a direct violation of Mendel's first law? (Describe the process with 2-3 sentences of detail.) a.arrow_forward(a) What is the function of helicase in DNA replication?(b) What is the function of DNA polymerase?(c) What are replication forks? Compare and contrast leading and lagging strands. Answer all pleasearrow_forwardWhat is the first step in the process of DNA replication? Which enzyme is responsible for “unzipping” the DNA double helix? Which enzyme is responsible for facilitating the hydrogen bonding between nucleotides in a new DNA molecule? Which enzyme is responsible for creating the covalent bonds that connect the sugar-phosphate backbone of the new DNA molecules?arrow_forward
- "Unlike what happens in DNA replication, where both strands are copied, only one of the two strands is transcribed into MRNA. The DNA strand that contains the gene is sometimes called the sense strand, or coding strand, and the DNA strand that gets transcribed to give RNA is called the antisense strand, or noncoding strand. Because the sense strand and the antisense strand are complementary, and because the DNA antisense strand and the newly formed RNA strand are also complementary, the RNA molecule produced during transcription is a copy of the DNA sense strand... The only difference is that the RNA molecule has a U everywhere the DNA sense strand has a T." Consider the following segment of a DNA sense strand: (5') CAA-ACT-ACG-GCG-TTG-CAG (3’)arrow_forwardDescribe the process of DNA replication. What are the functions of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase?arrow_forwardA genetics instructor designs a laboratory experiment to study the effects of UV radiation on mutation in bacteria. In the experiment, the students spread bacteria on petri plates, expose the plates to UV light for different lengths of time, place the plates in an incubator for 48 hours, and then count the number of colonies that appear on each plate. The bacteria that have received more UV radiation should have more pyrimidine dimers, which block replication; thus, fewer colonies should appear on the plates exposed to UV light for longer periods. Before the students carry out the experiment, the instructor warns them that while the bacteria are in the incubator, the students must not open the incubator door unless the room is darkened. Why should the bacteria not be exposed to light?arrow_forward
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