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Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 22, Problem 19E
Explain how an H−R diagram of the stars in a cluster can be used to determine the age of the cluster.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Physics written by hand.
An O8 V star has an apparent visual magnitude of +5. Use the method of spectroscopic parallax to estimate the distance to the star (in pc). (Hints: Refer to one of the H–R diagrams in the chapter, and use the magnitude–distance formula,
d = 10(mV − MV + 5)/5
where d is the distance in parsecs, mV and MV are the apparent and absolute visual magnitude respectively.)
An O8 V star has an apparent magnitude of +2. Use the method of spectroscopic parallax to estimate the distance to the star. (Hints: the figure below may be helpful.) (answer in parcecs)
Chapter 22 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 22 - Compare the following stages in the lives of a...Ch. 22 - What is the first event that happens to a star...Ch. 22 - Astronomers find that 90% of the stars observed in...Ch. 22 - Describe the evolution of a star with a mass...Ch. 22 - Describe the evolution of a star with a mass...Ch. 22 - A star is often described as “moving” on an HR...Ch. 22 - On which edge of the main sequence band on an HR...Ch. 22 - How do stars typically “move” through the main...Ch. 22 - Certain stars, like Betelgeuse, have a lower...Ch. 22 - Gravity always tries to collapse the mass of a...
Ch. 22 - Why are star clusters so useful for astronomers...Ch. 22 - Would the Sun more likely have been a member of a...Ch. 22 - Suppose you were handed two HR diagrams for two...Ch. 22 - Referring to the HR diagrams in Exercise 22.13,...Ch. 22 - The nuclear process for fusing helium into carbon...Ch. 22 - Pictures of various planetary nebulae show a...Ch. 22 - Describe the two “recycling” mechanisms that are...Ch. 22 - In which of these star groups would you mostly...Ch. 22 - Explain how an HR diagram of the stars in a...Ch. 22 - Where did the carbon atoms in the trunk of a tree...Ch. 22 - What is a planetary nebula? Will we have one...Ch. 22 - Is the Sun on the zero-age main sequence? Explain...Ch. 22 - How are planetary nebulae comparable to a...Ch. 22 - Which of the planets in our solar system have...Ch. 22 - Would you expect to find an earthlike planet (with...Ch. 22 - In the HR diagrams for some young clusters, stars...Ch. 22 - If the Sun were a member of the cluster NGC 2264,...Ch. 22 - If all the stars in a cluster have nearly the same...Ch. 22 - Suppose a star cluster were at such a large...Ch. 22 - Suppose an astronomer known for joking around told...Ch. 22 - Stars that have masses approximately 0.8 times the...Ch. 22 - Automobiles are often used as an analogy to help...Ch. 22 - The text says a star does not change its mass very...Ch. 22 - The text explains that massive stars have shorter...Ch. 22 - You can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to...Ch. 22 - You can estimate the age of the planetary nebula...Ch. 22 - If star A has a core temperature T, and star B has...
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- You can use the equation in Exercise 22.34 to estimate the approximate ages of the clusters in Figure 22.10, Figure 22.12, and Figure 22.13. Use the information in the figures to determine the luminosity of the most massive star still on the main sequence. Now use the data in Table 18.3 to estimate the mass of this star. Then calculate the age of the cluster. This method is similar to the procedure used by astronomers to obtain the ages of clusters, except that they use actual data and model calculations rather than simply making estimates from a drawing. How do your ages compare with the ages in the text? Figure 22.10 NGC 2264 HR Diagram. Compare this HR diagram to that in Figure 22.8; although the points scatter a bit more here, the theoretical and observational diagrams are remarkably, and satisfyingly, similar. Figure 22.12 Cluster M41. (a) Cluster M41 is older than NGC 2264 (see Figure 22.10) and contains several red giants. Some of its more massive stars are no longer close to the zero-age main sequence (red line). (b) This ground-based photograph shows the open cluster M41. Note that it contains several orange-color stars. These are stars that have exhausted hydrogen in their centers, and have swelled up to become red giants. (credit b: modification of work by NOAO/AURA/NSF) Figure 22.13 HR Diagram for an Older Cluster. We see the HR diagram for a hypothetical older cluster at an age of 4.24 billion years. Note that most of the stars on the upper part of the main sequence have turned off toward the red-giant region. And the most massive stars in the cluster have already died and are no longer on the diagram. Characteristics of Main-Sequence Starsarrow_forwardIf the main-sequence mass lower limit is 0.08 solar mass and the brightest main-sequence stars are 1 million times more luminous than the Sun, what is the mass range along the main sequence in the figure below? (answer in solar masses)arrow_forwardFinally estimate the lifetime of an M0 spectral type star if the total mass of the star is M = 0.51M⊙ , and it has a total luminosity L = 7.7× 10−2L⊙. Make the same assumptions as the previous two problems. How does your calculated Main Sequence lifetime for the M0 type star compare to the Main Sequence lifetime you calculated for the Sun?arrow_forward
- Use the H-R Diagram below to help answer the following questions. Luminosity (solar units) 10,000+ 1,000+ 100+ 10- .01+ .001+ .0001 B White Dwarfs 20,000 B Spectral Type A Main Sequence D 10,000 Temperature (K) FGK Red Giants 5,000 M -5 10 15 Absolute Magnitudearrow_forwardExplain how some stars form in binary systems. ...arrow_forwardThe mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙. If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)arrow_forward
- For the PP chain 0.7% of the mass participating in nuclear fusion is liberated as energy which produces a star's luminosity. Assume that the core of a main sequence star consists of 10% of its total mass. Hence, estimate the lifetime of a star on the main sequence in terms of its luminosity L/L. Give your answer in years. You may use the observed mass-luminosity relation L x M³.5, where M is the star's total mass. Using typical values, calculate estimates for the main sequence lifetime of a KO star and a 05 star. Describe briefly why your estimate might be more accurate for K stars compared to O stars.arrow_forward: What does the H-R diagram show? Explain the main sequence of stars.arrow_forwardTwo stars are identified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram below. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Temperature (K) 40,000 20,00010,000 7,500 5,500 4,500 3,000 10 10 10 www 10 10 B. G K M Spectral Class Based on this diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare? Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2. O Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2. O Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2. O Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2. O Aisoujunarrow_forward
- (Astronomy) Hyades Cluster Age. This chapter states that the Hyades cluster is 650 million years old. What is the age of the cluster based on highest-mass star in the cluster that is still on the main sequence? (Hint: the figure and the table below may be helpful.)arrow_forwardDraw an H-R diagram and dot the following question options on the diagram (using the letters given for the question options). A) The coldest and smallest radius star B) The hottest and largest radius star C) The Sun D) A star in the helium flash phase E) A main sequence star with a temperature of 10000Karrow_forwardA star with spectral type A0 has a surface temperature of 9600 K and a radius of 2.2 RSun. How many times more luminous is this star than the Sun? (if it is less luminous enter a number less than one) This star has a mass of 3.3 MSun. Using the simple approximation that we made in class, what is the main sequence lifetime of this star? You may assume that the lifetime of the sun is 1010 yr. Compare this to the lifetime of a A0 star listed in Table 22.1 (computed using a more sophisticated approach). Is the value you calculated in the previous problem longer or shorter than what is reported in the table? (L for longer, S for shorter) (You only get one try at this problem.)arrow_forward
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