Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957664
Author: ZUMDAHL, Steven S.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
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Concept explainers

Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of th…
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotat…
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Chapter 22, Problem 11RQ
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Carbohydrates and disaccharides are to be defined. Monomers in carbohydrates; reason for monomers in the table 22.8 to be optically active; monosaccharide units that make up the disaccharide sucrose; bond that forms between monosaccharide units; forces responsible for the solubility of starch in water; difference between starch, cellulose and glycogen is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Initially carbohydrates were believed to be hydrates of carbon.

The carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is 2:1. They form a major class of biologically important molecules.

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3) Determine if the pairs are constitutional isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or mesocompounds. (4 points)
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Chapter 22 Solutions

Chemistry

Ch. 22 - What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RQCh. 22 - What are aromatic hydrocarbons? Benzene exhibits...Ch. 22 - Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes,...Ch. 22 - What functional group distinguishes each of the...Ch. 22 - Distinguish between isomerism and resonance....Ch. 22 - Prob. 7RQCh. 22 - Prob. 8RQCh. 22 - Prob. 9RQCh. 22 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11RQCh. 22 - Describe the structural differences between DNA...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QCh. 22 - Prob. 2QCh. 22 - Prob. 3QCh. 22 - Prob. 4QCh. 22 - Prob. 5QCh. 22 - Prob. 6QCh. 22 - Prob. 7QCh. 22 - Give an example reaction that would yield the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 9QCh. 22 - Prob. 10QCh. 22 - Prob. 11QCh. 22 - Prob. 12QCh. 22 - Is the primary, secondary, or tertiary structure...Ch. 22 - Prob. 14QCh. 22 - Prob. 15ECh. 22 - Prob. 16ECh. 22 - Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that...Ch. 22 - Draw all the structural isomers for C8H18 that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 19ECh. 22 - Prob. 20ECh. 22 - Draw the structural formula for each of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22ECh. 22 - Prob. 23ECh. 22 - Name each of the following cyclic alkanes, and...Ch. 22 - Prob. 25ECh. 22 - Draw the structures for two examples of...Ch. 22 - Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH ...Ch. 22 - Name each of the following alkenes or alkynes. a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 29ECh. 22 - Give the structure for each of the following. a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 31ECh. 22 - Cumene is the starting material for the industrial...Ch. 22 - Name each of the following. a. b. CH3CH2CH2CCl3 c....Ch. 22 - Prob. 34ECh. 22 - There is only one compound that is named...Ch. 22 - Prob. 36ECh. 22 - Prob. 37ECh. 22 - Prob. 38ECh. 22 - Draw all the structural isomers of C5H10. Ignore...Ch. 22 - Prob. 40ECh. 22 - Draw all the structural and geometrical (cistrans)...Ch. 22 - Draw all the structural and geometrical (cistrans)...Ch. 22 - Draw all structural and geometrical (cistrans)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 44ECh. 22 - Prob. 45ECh. 22 - Prob. 46ECh. 22 - Prob. 47ECh. 22 - Prob. 48ECh. 22 - If one hydrogen in a hydrocarbon is replaced by a...Ch. 22 - There are three isomers of dichlorobenzene, one of...Ch. 22 - Identify each of the following compounds as a...Ch. 22 - Prob. 52ECh. 22 - Mimosine is a natural product found in large...Ch. 22 - Minoxidil (C9H15N5O) is a compound produced by...Ch. 22 - For each of the following alcohols, give the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 56ECh. 22 - Prob. 58ECh. 22 - Prob. 59ECh. 22 - Prob. 60ECh. 22 - Prob. 61ECh. 22 - Prob. 62ECh. 22 - Prob. 63ECh. 22 - Prob. 64ECh. 22 - Prob. 65ECh. 22 - Prob. 66ECh. 22 - Prob. 67ECh. 22 - Prob. 68ECh. 22 - Prob. 69ECh. 22 - Prob. 70ECh. 22 - Prob. 71ECh. 22 - Prob. 72ECh. 22 - Prob. 73ECh. 22 - Prob. 74ECh. 22 - Prob. 75ECh. 22 - Prob. 76ECh. 22 - Prob. 77ECh. 22 - Prob. 78ECh. 22 - Super glue contains methyl cyanoacrylate, which...Ch. 22 - Prob. 80ECh. 22 - Prob. 81ECh. 22 - Prob. 82ECh. 22 - Prob. 83ECh. 22 - Prob. 84ECh. 22 - Prob. 85ECh. 22 - Prob. 86ECh. 22 - Prob. 87ECh. 22 - Prob. 88ECh. 22 - Prob. 89ECh. 22 - Prob. 90ECh. 22 - Aspartame, the artificial sweetener marketed under...Ch. 22 - Prob. 92ECh. 22 - Prob. 93ECh. 22 - Draw the structures of the tripeptides glyalaser...Ch. 22 - Prob. 95ECh. 22 - Prob. 96ECh. 22 - Prob. 97ECh. 22 - In general terms, what does the tertiary structure...Ch. 22 - Give an example of amino acids that could give...Ch. 22 - What types of interactions can occur between the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 101ECh. 22 - Prob. 102ECh. 22 - Prob. 103ECh. 22 - Prob. 104ECh. 22 - Prob. 105ECh. 22 - Prob. 106ECh. 22 - Prob. 107ECh. 22 - Prob. 108ECh. 22 - Prob. 109ECh. 22 - Prob. 110ECh. 22 - Prob. 111ECh. 22 - Prob. 114ECh. 22 - Prob. 115ECh. 22 - Prob. 116ECh. 22 - Prob. 117ECh. 22 - Prob. 118ECh. 22 - The base sequences in mRNA that code for certain...Ch. 22 - Prob. 120ECh. 22 - Prob. 121AECh. 22 - Prob. 122AECh. 22 - Prob. 123AECh. 22 - Prob. 124AECh. 22 - Prob. 125AECh. 22 - Prob. 126AECh. 22 - Prob. 127AECh. 22 - Prob. 128AECh. 22 - Explain why methyl alcohol is soluble in water in...Ch. 22 - Prob. 130AECh. 22 - Prob. 131AECh. 22 - Prob. 132AECh. 22 - Prob. 133AECh. 22 - Prob. 134AECh. 22 - Prob. 135AECh. 22 - Prob. 136AECh. 22 - Prob. 137AECh. 22 - Prob. 138AECh. 22 - Prob. 139AECh. 22 - Prob. 140AECh. 22 - Prob. 141AECh. 22 - a. Use bond energies (see Table 3-3) to estimate H...Ch. 22 - Prob. 143AECh. 22 - Prob. 144AECh. 22 - All amino acids have at least two functional...Ch. 22 - Prob. 146AECh. 22 - Prob. 147AECh. 22 - In glycine, the carboxylic acid group has Ka = 4.3...Ch. 22 - Name each of the following alkanes. a....Ch. 22 - Prob. 150CWPCh. 22 - Name each of the following cyclic alkanes. a. b....Ch. 22 - Name each of the following alkenes and alkynes. a....Ch. 22 - a. Name each of the following alcohols. b. Name...Ch. 22 - Prob. 154CWPCh. 22 - Prob. 155CWPCh. 22 - Prob. 156CWPCh. 22 - Prob. 157CPCh. 22 - Estimate H for the following reactions using bond...Ch. 22 - Prob. 159CPCh. 22 - Prob. 160CPCh. 22 - Prob. 161CPCh. 22 - Consider a sample of a hydrocarbon at 0.959 atm...Ch. 22 - Prob. 163CPCh. 22 - Prob. 164CPCh. 22 - Prob. 165CPCh. 22 - Prob. 166CPCh. 22 - Prob. 167CPCh. 22 - Prob. 168CPCh. 22 - Prob. 169CPCh. 22 - Alcohols are very useful starting materials for...Ch. 22 - A chemical breathalyzer test works because ethanol...Ch. 22 - Estradiol is a female hormone with the following...Ch. 22 - Prob. 173IPCh. 22 - Prob. 174IPCh. 22 - Prob. 175MPCh. 22 - Prob. 176MP
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