CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135686065
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21.3, Problem 2CC
Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms of (a) how they occur and (b) their implications for future
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Darwin explored the Galapagos Islands and observed variations of certain species. For
example, he saw that the mockingbirds on three different islands were distinct but still
similar to the mockingbirds found on the mainland. The level of diversity in an
ecosystem can be determined by the frequency of speciation and extinction. (8 points)
a. Describe speciation and identify two possible prezygotic barriers of the
mockingbirds that contribute to speciation.
b. If the mockingbirds became extinct, explain how this could lead to adaptive
radiation.
Please fill in the blank
———- mutations are the most common...
Genetic equilibrium means that ...
O the distribution of alleles is not changing from
generation to generation
The distribution of alleles is changing from
generation to generation
O the gene pool is not affected by a catastrophic
event
O the gene pools is not affected by selective agents
Chapter 21 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
Ch. 21.1 - Explain why genetic variation within a population...Ch. 21.1 - Of all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 21.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 21.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 21.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 21.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 21.3 - Distinguish genetic drift from gene flow in terms...Ch. 21.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 21.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 21.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 21.4 - Consider a population in which heterozygotes at a...Ch. 21 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 21 - Sparrows With average-sized w1ngs survive severe...Ch. 21 - If the nucleotide variability of a locus equals...Ch. 21 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 21 - A fruit fly population has a gene with two...Ch. 21 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Using at least TWO examples,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 21 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake formed...
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- Discuss the significance of the HardyWeinberg principle as it relates to evolution and list the five conditions required for genetic equilibrium.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term genetic variation? Give two examplesof genetic variation . What causesgenetic variation at the molecular level?arrow_forward1. What is the expected time to fixation in generations for a new mutation in a diploid population (like humans) with an effective population size of 50? This new mutation is neutral and has no impact on fitness (e.g. synonymous polymorphism). Assuming the mutation isn’t lost immediately, will it reach fixation faster in a population of Ne=500 or Ne=5,000 and why?arrow_forward
- Explain the neutral theory of molecular evolution (20%) and how you use it as a null hypothesis to detect positive selection in protein coding genes (20%)arrow_forward1.Describe the ways that gene number or gene position on a chromosome, might be altered? What implications might that have on evolution? 2.What are the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What happens if these conditions are not met? 3.What type of selection would most likely benefit heterozygous individuals and which will result in a population losing alleles: directional, disruptive, or stabilizing? Explain. 4.How might frequency dependent selection and the heterozygote advantage help maintain multiple alleles in a population? 5.Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. Include terms like "excess reproduction, genetically distinct offspring, changing allele frequencies, and adaptive traits".arrow_forwardScientific studies have shown that the majority of human genetic differences worldwide exist within groups (or races) rather than between groups. True or false?arrow_forward
- 1. What could be the possible roles of genetic drift in human evolution? Discuss it and show possible evidences for each role. Do not just copy it from somewhere, please.arrow_forwardO Mutation-selection balance Suppose that one allele A₁ mutates to another allele A2 at some rate, μ. Suppose as well that A₁ is dominant over A2 such that A₁A1 and A₁A2 both have the same fitness, but that individuals that are homozygous recessive (A2A2) for the mutant allele A2 are less fit than the dominant genotype by some amount s, the selection coefficient. In this case, A2 mutant alleles come into the population at rate µ, and are removed from the population only when the show up in homozygous genotypes. The gory mathematical proof can be found in Box 7.8, which tells us that: O ■ Example: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.005, but A₂A2 homozygous recessives are 50% less fit (s = 0.5) than either A₁A1 or A₁A2. What are the expected equilibrial abundances of A₁ and A2? μ = 0.005 S = 0.5 p* = 1-sqrt(µ/s) = 1-sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.9 = sqrt(µ/s) = sqrt(0.005/0.5) = 0.1 ● * p = = 1-sqrt(µ/s) q* = sqrt(μ/s) ● Question: Suppose A₁ mutates to A2 at rate 0.01, but A₂A2 homozygous…arrow_forward1. List three places outside of Africa where sickle-cell anemia is fairly common in the indigenous population: a. b. c. 2. Why hasn't the sickle-cell trait died out? 3. What is the ultimate source of biological variation? What is the difference between gene flow and genetic drift?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between selection and genetic drift andhow do they promote evolutionary change?arrow_forwardEVOLUTION CONNECTION Over the past half century, therehas been a trend in the United States and other developedcountries for people to marry and start families later in lifethan did their parents and grandparents. What effects mightthis trend have on the incidence (frequency) of late-actingdominant lethal alleles in the population?arrow_forwardA certain form of congenital glaucoma is caused by an autosomalrecessive allele. Assume that the mutation rate is 10-5 and that peoplewith this condition produce, on the average, only about 80% of theoffspring produced by people who do not have glaucoma.a. At equilibrium between mutation and selection, what will the frequencyof the gene for congenital glaucoma be?b. What will the frequency of the disease be in a randomly matingpopulation that is at equilibrium?arrow_forward
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