Chapter 21.2, Problem 4R

Summary Introduction

To review:

Whether there is any homoplasy in the reconstructed tree.

Given:

The matrix which is given gives traits for seven land plants and an aquatic plant which is the out of the group of land plants. The traits are given in the form of + or –. A + is given when the traits are present and – when the traits are absent. The table is given below:

Introduction:

Homoplasy is a common character which is present in the species but is not present in their ancestors. It is a biological system; it is said that they are the traits which are gained or lost in the ancestors during lineages.