EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 8220106777640
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 9LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immune system can be defined as the organs and body processes that resist the infection and toxins. A virus can be defined as a biological agent which reproduces inside the living cells of the hosts. When there is an infection by a virus, the host cell produces thousands of similar copies of the original virus at an unexpected rate.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic
shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct
definition
Antigenic drift
[ Choose ]
[Choose ]
Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens
Antigenic shift
The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
Why would viral genome integration into host cell integration be advantageous to a virus?
It enables the virus to kill the cell.
It allows the virus to infect cells it would not normally infect.
It allows the virus to be passed on to future generations of host cells.
It allows the virus to destroy the host cell's DNA.
It speeds up viral replication.
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- what characteristics of a virus protects it from immune system recognition? -incorporates itself into the infected tissue -Secretes antigens that repel mcrophages away from infected cell -produces toxins cytokines that detroys macrophages and neutrophils -Inactivates antigen recptors virus cell membranearrow_forwardWhich of the following happens to the viral nucleic acid during a lysogenic cycle cycle? a-the viral DNA immediately takes over the host cell genetic material b-it bursts the host cell c-the viral DNA forms a provirus d-the viral DNA is used to attach the bacteriophage to the host cell`s receptorsarrow_forwardFigure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following list into the correct sequence for part of the cycle of a retrovirus: 1. dsDNA integrated into host DNA 2.viral proteins synthesized on host ribosomes 3. viral DNA uses host enzymes to transcribe viral RNA 4. reverse transcriptase catalyzes synthesis of ssDNA 5. synthesis of second DNA strand (a) 5, 2, 1, 3, 4 (b) 5, 2, 3, 4, 1 (c) 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 (d) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (e) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5arrow_forwardFigure 21.10 Which of the following statements is false? In the lytic cycle, new phages are produced and released into the environment. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome. An environmental stressor can cause the phage to initiate the lysogenic cycle. Cell lysis only occurs in the lytic cycle.arrow_forwardThe Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?arrow_forward
- + 13. Compare the following: Virus N/A Domain Size Genome (RNA, DNA, both) Organelles? Which are present? Cell wall? What is it made of? Mechanism for cell division / reproduction Bacteria Protistarrow_forwardA person is infected with HIV. The individual is treated with several drugs, including azidothymidine (AZT). Which of the following is the most immediate effect of this drug? O It inhibits formation of the capsid. O It does not allow the viral genome to become integrated into the host genome. O It allows reverse transcriptase to proofread, and this will allow successful treatment with a vaccine. O It does not allow the virus to make a DNA copy of its genome.arrow_forwardChapter 21 retrovirus Question - Multiple Choice Part A Do all viruses that contain RNA also have reverse transcriptase? Yes, all RNA viruses are retrovirus. No, some RNA viruses use the host machinery to make protein, but, no viral DNA is ever made. Yes, the only way to make replicate an RNA virus is to reverse transcribe the RNA into DNA. No, some RNA viruses also have DNA and do not need reverse transcriptase Yes, Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme in all viruses. Submit Request Answerarrow_forward
- Pick two that are true. When it comes to infecting eukaryotic cells, viruses are a little different because: The viruses lyse themselves more quickly with the aid of bacterial genomes The virion always remains outside the cell envelope The entire capsid can enter the host cell The virus can hide out in special membrane bound areas inside the cellarrow_forwardAll viral genomes contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA but not both. Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cell. Viruses must first enter the host cell before viral replication can occur. After gaining entry into a cell, the viral genome has to be first replicated using either the host DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase You are studying two viruses: Virus A is an enveloped RNA virus Virus B is non-enveloped DNA virus Which of the above viruses is likely to have the lowest mutation rate in the host cell? O Virus A because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase. O Virus A because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase.arrow_forwardThe real-world scenario that we are going to look as is as Shakespeare would say “Viruses are living or not living - that is the question!” Viruses must be living since they can cause cancer and warts.arrow_forward
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What Is A Virus ? ; Author: Peekaboo Kidz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YS7vsBgWszI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY