An Introduction to Physical Science
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079137
Author: James Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 8FIB
To determine
To fill in the blank: Lithospheric plate boundaries can be divergent, convergent or.
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The Lithosphere is made of the two types of crust, denser oceanic crust and thicker conteniental crust, plus the upper rigid part of the mantle.
The Lithosphere float on the semi-liquid Asthenosphere. The Asthenosphere moves through a process known as convection. The convection form currents moving hotter less dense mantle toward the surface where it cools becomes denser and sinks.
Another name for the asthenosphere is the ?
Suppose a team of scientists is studying the formation of an island chain generated by four extinct volcanoes. To determine when
each volcano became extinct, the scientists calculated the age of the youngest layer of igneous rocks on each island. After a
recent research trip, the identifying tag of a sample rock was lost. The scientists ask you to help identify the sample rock's
parent volcano.
The scientists give you some information.
1) The initial ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 in the rock was 0.7129.
2) The decay constant, 1, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-1!.
3) The current isotope concentrations in the rock are 8" Sr = 126 ppm, 8'Rb = 218 ppm, and 8ºSr = 175 ppm.
%3D
Use the isochron equation to calculate the approximate age of the mystery rock.
87.
Sto +
87
Sr
[edr – 1]
86
Sr,
86
86
Where possible, retain at least four significant figures throughout your calculations, and round your final answer to the nearest
100 million years.
million years
t =
The asthenosphere lies just below the
core
mantle
lithosphere
Chapter 21 Solutions
An Introduction to Physical Science
Ch. 21.1 - What are the four regions of the Earths interior?Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1PQCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 1PQCh. 21.3 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1PQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1PQCh. 21.5 - On what crustal plate is Los Angeles located, and...
Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 1PQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2PQCh. 21 - Prob. AMCh. 21 - Prob. BMCh. 21 - Prob. CMCh. 21 - Prob. DMCh. 21 - Prob. EMCh. 21 - Prob. FMCh. 21 - Prob. GMCh. 21 - Prob. HMCh. 21 - Prob. IMCh. 21 - Prob. JMCh. 21 - Prob. KMCh. 21 - Prob. LMCh. 21 - Prob. MMCh. 21 - Prob. NMCh. 21 - Prob. OMCh. 21 - Prob. PMCh. 21 - Prob. QMCh. 21 - Prob. RMCh. 21 - Prob. SMCh. 21 - Prob. TMCh. 21 - Prob. UMCh. 21 - Prob. VMCh. 21 - Prob. WMCh. 21 - Prob. XMCh. 21 - Prob. YMCh. 21 - Prob. ZMCh. 21 - Prob. AAMCh. 21 - Prob. BBMCh. 21 - Prob. 1MCCh. 21 - The Moho boundary separates which two layers of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3MCCh. 21 - Which of the following geologic evidence does not...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5MCCh. 21 - Which of the following is a primary cause of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 7MCCh. 21 - Prob. 8MCCh. 21 - What process during plate collisions leads to the...Ch. 21 - On the Richter scale, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake...Ch. 21 - Prob. 11MCCh. 21 - Prob. 12MCCh. 21 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 21 - Dubbed the ___, it is the geologically active...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 11FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 12FIBCh. 21 - Prob. 1SACh. 21 - Name the four major regions of the Earth, from...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3SACh. 21 - Prob. 4SACh. 21 - Explain the mechanism behind continental drift.Ch. 21 - What is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?Ch. 21 - Prob. 7SACh. 21 - Prob. 8SACh. 21 - Prob. 9SACh. 21 - Prob. 10SACh. 21 - Explain how continental crust and oceanic crust...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12SACh. 21 - Prob. 13SACh. 21 - Prob. 14SACh. 21 - Prob. 15SACh. 21 - Prob. 16SACh. 21 - Prob. 17SACh. 21 - Prob. 18SACh. 21 - Prob. 19SACh. 21 - Prob. 20SACh. 21 - Prob. 21SACh. 21 - Prob. 22SACh. 21 - Prob. 23SACh. 21 - Prob. 24SACh. 21 - Prob. 25SACh. 21 - Distinguish among a normal fault, a reverse fault,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 27SACh. 21 - Prob. 28SACh. 21 - Prob. 1VCCh. 21 - State two similarities between the methods used by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2AYKCh. 21 - Describe an accurate method to measure the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 4AYKCh. 21 - Prob. 5AYKCh. 21 - Refer to Fig. 21.16 and 21.19. In terms of...Ch. 21 - What forces and factors determine whether a rock...
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- On what crustal plate is Los Angeles located, and in which direction is the plate moving?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a primary cause of volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building? (21.3) (a) solar radiation (b) remanent magnetism (c) hot spots (d) plate tectonicsarrow_forwardWhat are the four regions of the Earths interior?arrow_forward
- Explain how continental crust and oceanic crust are like icebergs in water.arrow_forwardThe Moho boundary separates which two layers of Earths interior? (21.1) (a) oceanic and continental crust (b) upper and lower mantle (c) inner and outer core (d) crust and lithospherearrow_forwardAccording to the infographic above, one of the largest earthquakes of this year 2021 was the magnitude 8.2 Earthquake in Alaska on 29 July 2021. Earthquakes represent a release of energy as a result of the earth's tectonic plates. a) Determine the amount of energy release in ergs. b) Determine the energy release in Joules. ( Hint use the earthquake formula M = 2/3 log (E/ 10^11.8); where M is the earthquake magnitude and E is the energy of the earthquake in ergs (recall 1 erg = 10^-7 Joules)). c) Using the earthquake magnitude scale below to qualitatively categorize (was it Minor, Light, Moderate, Strong, Major or Great) and describe the earthquake (what kind of damage is expected from a magnitude 7.1 earthquake)arrow_forward
- State the dynamic processes of rock formation and deformation, volcanism, and earthquakes within the framework of Plate Tectonic Theoryarrow_forwardThe theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s plates are always in motion. What geological evidence supports this statement?arrow_forwardOn Dec 4, 2021 a volcano, Mt. Semeru erupted in Indonesia near Java in the Pacific Ocean in an area known as the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. Deep Ocean trenches and high mountain ranges are also part of the Ring of Fire. Match the tectonic plate boundary condition with the earth's geologic feature in the lithosphere. * (Convergent Boundary)(Divergent Boundary)(Transform Boundary) : Match these with the below: San Andreas Fault Marianas trench High Mountain Ranges Subduction Java (Sunda) trench Formation of Island Chains Mid-Atlantic Ridge…arrow_forward
- if a seismic wave has a wavelength of 20 meters. what is the minimum layer thickness these seismic waves can resolve? (Think about vertical resolution) Select one: a. 2 O b. 5 О с. 10 O d. 20arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most related to plate tectonics activity? a climate b. volcanos and earthquakes c. wind and ocean currents d. glaciers and blizzardsarrow_forwardDip-slip faults: Have mainly horizontal movement O Have mainly vertical movement O Are faults where no movement has occurredarrow_forward
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